PARTIAL
REPORT (OCTOBER 98) OF
INTEGRATED OAT
PROGRAM
FOR SOUTH AMERICA
1.
Introduction
Oats
season in Brazil has been different than usual. Intense warm, cloudy and rainy
days during August and September. As there were no frosty days this winter,
crown rust showed up in the middle of July up to now (more than 90 days with
rust epidemics). Farmers had to spray folicur more than two times; some of
them sprayed the fields four times. October
has been a better month, with several days of sunshine. This will help us to
get better grain quality at harvest.
The
oats season in Argentina was average up to July. Few rainfalls from July
onwards. The crop needs rains in
the next fifteen days in order to avoid yield losses. No diseases appeared.
2. Activities
developed
The following activities were
developed in order to achieve the program’s objectives 1.-Genetics
Activities
were developed in order to increase the genetic variability for several
important traits for Brazil and Argentina, with special emphasis in
partial/durable resistance to crown and stem rust combined with good milling
yield.
a.
Introduction from Ron Barnett’s program University of Florida- of 100
F1.
b. F1
from crosses between Brazilian and Minnesota lines with good resistance to
crown rust, were planted at Eldorado do Sul, for the production of three way
crosses
c.
63 F2 populations with slow rust reaction from Minnesota were planted
at Eldorado do Sul and scored for crown rust reaction.
d.
Segregating populations with more advanced generations (F3,F4,F5 and
F6) from previous years crosses
were planted in Eldorado do Sul, Entre Rios, PassoFundo, Chacabuco (Argentina)
and for crown rust resistance in natural infection.
e.
In Brazil several preliminary regional and Brazilian trials were
planted at Eldorado do Sul, Passo Fundo and Entre Rios. In Argentina
preliminary and advanced Cono Sur trials were planted in Barrow, Bordenave and
Chacabuco.
2.2.-Farmer Education
a. Romulo
Trombetta and Luiz Federizzi visited farmers and Cooperatives in Brazil and
Argentina In August, September and October, in order to advise farmers and to
guarantee good grain quality and milling yield for Quaker. Cruz Alta , Panambi, Sao Jose do Ouro ,
Campo
Mourao , Entre
Rios in Brazil. Chacabuco, Carlos Casares, Tres Arroysos, etc. in Argentina.
b. A
field day was held at Cooperative Agraria in October14th.
c. In
Argentina 1200 hectares were planted with UFRGS 16 resistant to stem rust.
3.-Grain Quality
a.
Studies using digital image analysis have been held at UFRGS in order
to improve oat milling yield.
b.
Characterization of oat genotypes for grain morphology: primary,
secondary and tertiary kernels; and for area, width, Length, perimeter and
shape.
c.
Determination of the influence of oat grain morphology on test weight
and milling yield traits.
d.
Analysis of the genetic basis of grain morphology. Presence of tertiary
kernel and test weight on oats.
e.
Characterization of oat lines for protein, starch
and aminoacids contents.
f.
A proposal was sent by UFRGS and Coop. Agraria to PADCT(Brazilian
institution) in order to get financing for studying damaged oats grain (spot,
dark on the oat grain).
4.-Diseases
a.
Crown rust resistance: Several populations that showed excellent
resistance to the prevalent races of crown rust, were selected at Eldorado do
Sul, Passo Fundo and Entre Rios.
b.
Several studies have been made at UFRGS with partial durable
resistance.