V. 1 Linkage maps of barley, 1978.
T. Tsuchiya, Department of Agronomy, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, U.S.A.
There has not been much progress in development of linkage maps in the last several years, even though a considerable amount of information has been accumulated on the association of various genes with chromosomes and/or chromosome arms. The linkage maps in this report (Fig. 1) are not much different from those of the last 3-4 years. Most of the information was obtained from the report published in this issue of Barley Genetics Newsletter.
Chromosome 1: Three new genes were associated with chromosome 1. Amp for aminopeptidase and Plm for red seedling showed linkage with n (Díaz, 1978). The fifth gene for glossy seedling (leaf), gl 5, was located between br and n in chromosome 1 (Konishi, 1978). However, none of these genes have been studied to determine the arm location of chromosome 1. Also Plm was not studied for its relation with Rs for red stem in chromosome 1.
Chromosome 2: One gene, glo-c for globe shaped grain was located by Fischbeck and Hauser (1978).
Chromosome 3: The chlorina mutant (f2) lacking chlorophyll B was most likely located in 3S (Tsuchiya and Hall, 1978).
Chromosome 4: glo-a for globe shaped grain was associated with 4 L (Fischbeck and Hauser, 1978). The genes lg 4 and lg 3, both for light green (viable chlorina) and lk 5 for short awn were all associated with chromosome 4 L by telotrisomic analysis (Tsuchiya and Hall, 1978) The gene zbc for zebra Colorado (CSU stock B8-9) was again confirmed to be not associated with chromosome 4 (Seip and Tsuchiya, 1978).
Haus (1978) reviewed recent developments in linkage analysis in chromosome 4.
Chromosome 5: Two new genes were associated with chromosome 5. The gene sex 5g for shrunken endosperm (mutant Risø 8) was associated with chromosome 5 (Ullrich and Eslick, 1978). Jensen (1978a,b) located the gene cer-zi for gs-type mutant with reduced wax in spike and leaf sheath at proximal region to fs2 in chromosome 5. The gene f3 for chlorina 3 was associated with chromosome 5 by primary trisomic analysis (Azizeh and Tsuchiya, 1978).
Jensen (1978b) developed a new linkage map for chromosome 5.
Chromosome 6: Ever since the first gene (xn) for xantha seedling was associated with chromosome 6, a considerable number of genes have been found in that chromosome. Kasha (1978b) developed a linkage map of chromosome 6 with 14 genes. Kasha (1978a,b) added alb,,q for albino and msg 6 for male sterile 6 in the map of chromosome 6. Konishi (1978) further added three more genes (mt,,f for mottled, r,,e for smooth awn and l9 For short rachis internode) in the chromosome 6 map. Hayashi et al (1978) was able to associate cu 3 for curly 3 with chromosome 6. Sex 1 for shrunken endosperm 1 (Risø 29 mutant) was also associated with chromosome 6 (Eslick and Reis, 1976; Jarvi and Eslick, 1975; Ullrich and Eslick, 1978). Kasha (1977a) found that f6 for chlorina 6 was not associated with chromosome 6 and the gene mul 2 for multiflorous 2 was located close to the distal end of the long arm, inside the gene l 9 (Kasha, 1978b).
Chromosome 7: Three more genes were associated with chromosome 7 since the last map (Haus, 1977) was published. The gene glo-b for globe shaped grain (Fischbeck and Hauser, 1978), tig-o34, for tigrina (zebra) (Hagberg and Lehmann, 1978) and sex-3c for shrunken endosperm (Risø 1508 mutant) (Ullrich and Eslick, 1977, 1978; Karlsson, 1977). The gene f6 for chlorina seedling was found to be located in chromosome 7 rather than chromosome 6 (Kasha, 1977).
The linkage maps for chromosomes 5 and 6 were developed mainly based on the map reported by Jensen (1978) and Kasha (1978), respectively.
Since many genes were not able to be located in the linkage map (Fig. 1), a list of genes associated with respective chromosome or chromosome arm was given in Table 1.
Fig. 1. Linkage maps of barley, 1978.
Table 1. List of genes associated with respective chromosome and chromosome arm.
References:
Díaz, D.G. 1978. Inheritance of aminopeptidase and endopeptidase isoenzymes in barley. BGN 8:31-34.
Fedak, G. 1978. Coordinator's report: chromosome 7. BGN 8:143-144.
Fischbeck, G. and H. Hauser. 1978. Cytogenetic studies of some induced barley mutations. BGN 8:36-37.
Hagberg, P. and L. Lehmann. 1978. Translocation linkage studies of a tigrina mutant - tig-o34. BGN 8:46-48.
Hayashi, J., R. Takahashi, I. Moriyaand T. Nobuoka. 1978. Linkage studies of two mutant genes on chromosome 1 and 6. BGN 8:48-50.
Haus, T.E. 1978. Summary of linkage data for chromosome 4 (1972-1977). BGN 8:133-139.
Jarvi, A.J. and R.F. Eslick. 1975. Shrunken endosperm mutants in barley. Crop Sci. 15:363-366.
Jensen, J. 1978a. Location of the eceriferum locus cer-zi on barley chromosome 5. BGN 8:59-60.
Jensen, J. 1978b. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 5. BGN 8:139-141.
Karlsson, K.E. 1977. Linkage studies in a gene for high lysime content in Risø barley mutant 1508. BGN 7:40-43.
Kasha, K.J. 1977. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 6. BGN 6:89-90.
Kasha, K.J., D.E. Falk and A. Ho-Tsai. Linkage data with genes on chromosome 6. BGN 8:61-65.
Kashas K.J. 1978. Coordinators report: Chromosome 6. BGN 8:141-143.
Konishi, T. 1978. New linkage data on chromosome 6 of barley. BGN 8:71-72.
Lehmann, L. and P. Hagberg. 1978. Linkage studies of msg 6 using four translocations involving chromosome 5 and 6. BGN 8:73-74.
Scheuring, J.F. and R.T. Ramage. 1976. A tertiary trisomic balanced for both msg 2 and sex 2. BGN 6:60-62.
Seip, L. and T. Tsuchiya. 1978. Trisomic analysis of lg 4 and zbc. BGN 8:86-89
Shahla, A. and T. Tsuchiya. 1978. Trisomic analysis of the gene f3 for chlorina 3. BGN 8:89-91.
Tsuchiya, T. and L.B. Hall. 1978. Telotrisomic analysis of four mutant genes in barley. BGN 8:104-107.
Ullrich, S.E. and R.F. Eslick. 1977. Inheritance of the shrunken endosperm character, sex 3c of Bomi, Risø mutant 1508 and its association with lysine content. BGN 7:66-73.
Ullrich, S.E. and R.F. Eslick. 1978. Chromosome location evidence for Risø induced high lysine, shrunken endosperm mutants of barley. BGN 8:114-125.
