II.35 Allelic relationships of some morphological and chlorophyll mutants in barley.
T. Tsuchiya, Department of Agronomy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
Allelic relationships of various types of mutants have been studied in the 1973-1974 season.
glossy sheath and spikes
Gigas (giant or female sterile)
long basal internode length
spiral neck or undulated awn and undulated leaf
white streak or fla - mutants
chlorina mutants
zoned or zebra mutants
1. Glossy sheath and spikes.
The gene cer-zg214 is not allelic to glossy sheath in ert-13 (B18-11) from Maja. Bright green 3 (B18-8) not allelic to ert-13 (B18-11) and non-glaucus boot or NGB (B21-11). The gene in ert-13 (B18-11) is not allelic to NBG (B21-11).
2. Gigas or giant mutant (Female sterile by Harvey)
The gene for gigas mutant (KM72) in cultivar Tochigi Golden Melon is allelic to female sterile mutant (sf) of Harvey. The mutant is tall with large spike; short awn; large and extremely wax-coated florets; unbranched or much less branched stigmas; poorly developed and thin kernel which is almost completely naked; highly sterile. The female sterility of KM72 and Harvey's material is both caused by unbranched stigma. The female sterility of Harvey's materials was enhanced by its smooth-awned gene (r).
3. Long basal rachis internode length.
Three varieties having lb-type character (long basal rachis internode) were crossed with the stock for lb. All F1 hybrids showed the typical lb-type phenotype.
4. Spiral neck or undulated awn and leaf.
Crosses were made in various combinations as follows:
Undulated awn 2 x Undulated awn 1
Undulated awn 2 x Undulated leaf 1
Undulated leaf 1 x Undulated awn 1
Undulated awn 1 x Undulated leaf 1
KM 118, spiral neck x Undulated awn 1
KM 118, spiral neck x Undulated awn 2
KM 118, spiral neck x Undulated leaf 1
Most of the F1 plants showed slightly curly roots and curly (undulated) awns and leaves. It has been very difficult to find any differences among three undulated mutants (undulated awn 1, undulated awn 2, and undulated leaf 1) and their hybrids. The three hybrids involving KM 118 did not show typical spiral neck of KM 118, but showed slightly curly roots, leaves and awns. Detailed analysis is necessary to find the allelic relations among these mutants and the genetic nature of these mutants.
5. fla- or white streak mutants.
Two fla- mutations (fla-a3 and fla-b2) were described as yellow head mutation and independent. When these were grown in the greenhouse in Fort Collins, they showed typical white streak character in the winter time. The yellow head trait typical of yh mutant was not found in these two mutants.
Since these two mutant stocks showed very similar characteristics, these two were crossed and the F1 hybrids were studied. They were also crossed with a white streak mutant (va).
The results were as follows: fla-a3 is allelic to fla-b2. fla-a3 (fla-b2) was not allelic to va.
These results showed that:
(1) Nepal chlorina (B10-8) and chlorina (B20-2) were not maternally
inherited mutants but Mendelian recessive mutants.
(2) chlorina (B20-2) was not allelic to fc of Colsess
V.
7. Zoned or zebra mutants.
In a previous paper the present author mentioned that there are some questions about the genetic stock for zebra stripe (Colorado) (zbc and others such as z = zd for zoned. Allelism testing has been conducted using the following materials (Table 1).
Table 1. Zoned leaf mutations used in this study.
These mutant stocks were crossed with each other and with various other mutants or normal green plants as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Phenotype of F1 hybrids between different stocks for zoned leaf mutations.
These results clearly showed that z (zd) for zoned of CSU B8-9 is allelic to zbc (zc) for zoned of Utah T267, Utah T831 and Utah T909. The results of the crosses Utah T232 with CSU B8-9, Utah T909, SE16 2x, the cross CSU B8-9 x Utah T232, and the cross Utah T909 x Utah T232 are somewhat controversial and need more study to clarify the conflicting results, particularly the results of cross No. 1, 4, 5 and 6.
The F1 hybrids between Univ. Alb. Acc. 43 x Utah T41 showed the phenotype exactly the same as the female parent, Univ. Alb. Acc. 43. These two stocks have been crossed with the stocks for z (zd), zbw (zw) or zbc (zc) or normal green. The results will be obtained in the near future.
References:
Kasha, K. J. and G. W. R. Walker. 1960. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 2: 397-415.
Robertson, D. W., G. A. Wiebe and R. G. Shands. 1947. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39: 464-473.
Robertson, D. W., G. A. Wiebe, R. G. Shands and A. Hagberg. 1965.
