Some nuclei-cytoplasmic combinations of barley substituted lines collection

change the productivity characteristics

 

I.M. Goloenko, A.A. Teljatnicova and O.G. Davydenko

 

Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Belarus Academy of Sciences,

Academicheskaya 27, Minsk, 220072, Belarus

 

The nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions of iso- and alloplasmic barley lines were studied to determine the effect of the cytoplasm on the agronomic traits. 30 substituted lines combined 5 nuclear and 6 cytoplasmic genotypes, differing from each other at definite loci of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes (Sychjova et al.1998). The aim of the  investigation was to evaluate what definite rearrangements in the organelle DNA structure can be responsible for the change of productivity genes expression.

In the present research each group having the same nuclei and varying cytoplasms were compared with their euplasmic form  (Table 1). All the lines and their parent cultivars were grown randomly in 3 repeats in  1998. Agronomic traits were measured following standard procedures. Data on 6 yield components - plant height, spike number / plant, spike length, grain number/spike, grain number/plant, grain weight/plant were collected. Analysis of variance revealed that depending on definite nucleo-plasmic combination  the effects of cytoplasms were significant  for the various number of traits (from 1 to 5 characters) (Table 2, 3).

As a rule, introduction of both the inter- and intra- species cytoplasms more often had negative than positive consequences, but in some cases the positive changes of productivity can be also found ( Tsunewaki, 1980; Davydenko,1991). Our investigation also confirmed these facts. Cytoplasm substitution in four out of five groups (with Zazersky-85, Roland, Vezha, Vizit nuclear genomes) caused little or no positive changes in the level of productivity characters (Table 1). Nevertheless the combination of the majority of cytoplasms with nuclear genome of cultivar Gostinets resulted only in positive effects. Spike number/plant, spike length, grain number/spike, grain number/plant, grain weight/plant were increased in comparing with these characters of nuclear donor variety. Thus, cytoplasmic variability can be used in plant breeding.

 

References

 

I.M.Sychjova, S.O.Triboush, N.G.Danilenko, Davydenko O.G.The collection of allo- and isoplasmic barley lines with PDRF-studied  mitochondrial DNA // Barley Genetic Newsletters. – 1998. –  V. 28. – P. 9-11. 

Tsunewaki K. Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. - Japan, 1980. - P. 49-210.

Davydenko O.G. Cytoplasmic effect on expression of some morphological traits, transmission and mitotic recombination in allo- and isoplasmic lines. Prof. Kihara Memorial Symposium on cytoplasmic engineering in wheat. In book: Nuclear and organellar genomes of wheat species. Yokohama, Kihara Memorial foundation, p. 214-222, 1991.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 1 Comparative morphological analysis of cultivars and their analogs - lines with substituted cytoplasms

 

Cultivars,

lines

 

 

Characters

 

 

 

 

Nucleus

 

 

Cytoplasm

Plant height

Spike number /

plant

Spike length

Grain number /

spike

Grain number / plant

Grain weight / plant

Zazersky-85

Zazersky-85

54,181

3,724

7,095

21,886

70,057

3,238

 

 A

57,886**

3,800

6,733

20,943

67,514

3,130

 

 L1

53,333

4,248

7,257

22,190

78,495

3,346

 

W3

58,486**

4,467*

7,543*

22,371

83,429*

3,696

 

W4

53,762

4,295

7,010

21,724

78,648

3,603

 

W5

56,467**

4,210

7,276

22,895

78,114

3,520

 

W8

54,952

3,838

6,619**

20,743

65,143

2,944

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cv.Roland

cv.Roland

62,02

4,43

7,40

22,10

83,84

3,42

 

 A

61,51

4.69

7,05

21,61

86,58

3,42

 

 L1

67,03*

4,78

7,50

22,41

92,70

4,01

 

W3

63,66

4,51

7,78

23,09

89,78

3,59

 

W4

65,72**

4,51

7,61

22,31

89,71

3,69

 

W5

63,57

4,65

7,31

22,14

87,04

3,88

 

W8

67,98**

4,87

7,58

23,33

92,49

4,11*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cv.Visit

Visit

63,152

4,438

7,267

23,133

89,238

4,253

 

A

63,124

3,810*

7,543

22,619

78,638

3,904

 

L1

70,295**

4,219

7,476

22,076

78,552

3,987

 

W3

62,543

4,048

7,390

22,257

79,019

3,724

 

W4

62,943

4,324

7,210

22,400

84,038

3,890

 

W5

62,619

3,781*

6,895

22,810

71,314**

3,532*

 

W8

63,257

4,571

7,610*

22,733

86,600

4,089

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cv.Vezha

Vezha

52,914

2,876

5,276

33,514

81,410

3,167

 

A

52,505

2,629

4,895*

31,086

68,048*

2,791

 

L1

49,343**

2,533*

4,971*

31,476

65,181**

2,666*

 

W3

50,829**

2,686

5,086

33,448

72,990

3,087

 

W4

50,314**

2,733

5,086

32,886

76,457

3,252*

 

W5

52,448

2,876

4,867*

30,238*

69,381*

3,442

 

W8

52,057

2,905

5,057

34,581

82,819

3,213

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cv.Gostinets

Gostinets

52,124

4,733

6,610

18,438

61,724

2,767

 

A

56,800**

6,410**

7,467**

21,362**

90,429**

4,149**

 

L1

60,829**

5,057

7,048*

19,924*

76,800*

3,521**

 

W3

55,705**

5,429

7,524**

21,952**

85,695**

3,715**

 

W4

57,905**

4,371

7,381**

19,962*

70,314

3,568**

 

W5

60,943**

4,524

7,286**

21,181**

73,371*

3,470**

 

W8

55,276**

4,429

6,733

18,962

65,448

2,918

Variations are singificant at: * – Р<0,05; ** – Р<0,01

Table 2: The fraction of effect of the cytoplasm and environment on productivity characters in substitution barley lines

 

Nucleus,

F-criterion

The fraction of effect (%)

character

Cyto-plasm

Environ-ment

Interaction

Cyto-plasm

Environ-ment

Interaction

Residual

cv. Zazersky-85

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant height

10,57**

52,55**

2,22**

7,03

11,64

2,95

75,33

Spike number/plant

1,89

6,06**

0,86

1,51

1,61

1,37

90,2

Spike length

5,82**

4,35*

1,73

4,52

1,71

2,68

88,07

Grain number /spike

2,54*

4,30*

1,65

2,02

1,14

2,64

90,34

Grain number/plant

2,47*

0,92

1,40

1,98

0,25

2,25

91,02

Grain weight/plant

1,68

2,31

1,39

1,36

0,62

2,25

91,86

cv. Roland

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant height

13,69**

73,42**

2,29**

10,04

15,07

15,51

70,86

Spike number/plant

0,43

10,01**

1,54

0,34

2,65

2,44

89,90

Spike length

2,41*

24,70**

1,33

1,82

6,24

2,02

85,88

Grain number /spike

0,93

13,95**

2,44**

0,72

3,63

3,82

88,51

Grain number/plant

0,40

14,43**

1,24

0,31

3,76

1,94

88,58

Grain weight/plant

1,45

11,62**

1,81*

1,13

3,03

2,82

88,54

cv. Bezha

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant height

12,46**

0,91

24,63**

6,80

0,17

26,88

61,83

Spike number/plant

1,33

3,02*

0,69

1,07

0,81

1,11

91,04

Spike length

1,38

15,75**

0,99

1,08

4,09

1,55

88,28

Grain number /spike

2,29*

12,19**

0,7

1,80

3,20

1,10

89,28

Grain number/plant

2,75*

0,14

0,97

2,20

0,04

1,55

90,50

Grain weight/plant

1,56

1,28

1,24

1,26

0,34

2,00

91,31

cv.Vizit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant height

26,76**

36,25*

7,31**

15,51

7,00

8,47

65,69

Spike number/plant

2,25*

0,82

1,46

1,78

0,22

2,32

89,92

Spike length

3,27**

1,79

2,51**

2,54

0,47

3,91

88,25

Grain number /spike

1,25

2,58

3,49**

0,98

0,67

5,46

88,67

Grain number/plant

1,85

1,65

1,59

1,46

0,43

2,52

89,72

Grain weight/plant

1,11

1,20

2,01*

0,88

0,32

3,19

90,21

cv. Gostinets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant height

32,91**

120,86**

12,00**

15,23

18,64

11,11

52,44

Spike number/plant

8,24**

17,62**

2,72**

5,99

4,27

3,96

82,37

Spike length

7,57**

7,63**

1,47

5,62

1,89

2,19

84,09

Grain number /spike

8,65**

6,07**

2,47**

6,26

1,46

3,58

81,96

Grain number/plant

6,49**

4,85**

1,18

5,01

1,25

1,82

87,43

Grain weight/plant

6,37**

4,17*

1,64

4,92

1,07

2,53

87,48

Components of variation are singificant at: * – Р<0,05; ** – Р<0,01

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3: The fraction of effect of the nucleus and cytoplasm  on productivity characters in substitution barley lines

 

Character

F-criterion

The fraction of effect

 

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Interaction

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Interaction

Residual

Plant height

598,70**

13,95**

16,78**

34,98

1,22

5,88

51,65

Spike number/plant

108,45**

1,06

3,76**

10,45

0,15

2,17

85,21

Spike length

375,78**

4,24**

3,85**

28,48

0,48

1,75

67,00

Grain number /spike

436,00**

1,73

2,88

31,97

0,19

1,27

64,81

Grain number/plant

14,49**

0,99

2,38**

1,53

0,16

1,80

93,49

Grain weight/plant

15,76**

0,69

2,53**

1,66

0,11

1,60

93,21

Components of variation are singificant at: * – Р<0,05; ** – Р<0,01