The descriptions of a total of 125 genes have been given in the two issues of Barley Genetics Newsletter; 96 genes in BGN, Vol. 1, and 29 genes in BGN, Vol. 2. In this volume the descriptions of nine more genes are added, and the total number is 134 gene descriptions. Ten out of these 134 genes have not been located on specific chromosomes yet, though they have been tested for their allelic relationships with similar type mutants.
There is still a considerable number of genes including some mapped genes which do not have a description. In many cases it was impossible or very difficult for us to prepare the description because of the lack of information, insufficient data on the characteristics, inheritance and linkage relations, deficiency of the stock and other reasons. However, we believe that it may be possible for some workers to prepare the description of some of these genes missing. We urge every barley worker to check the list of genes which have a description in Barley Genetics Newsletter (BGN 3:105-109) and try to prepare a description for those missing in the list.
In this issue, in addition to the nine new genes, the description of four previously published genes (ms 22, ms 23, ms 24 and lk 2) are presented again, because the BGS numbers previously given were incorrect.
It has also been noticed that there are many gene descriptions previously published which need revision or other changes. All revised versions will be published in the next issue (Vol. 4) of BGN. We would appreciate receiving a revised version of the descriptions for any of those 134 genes.
The gene descriptions in this volume were prepared by the following writers:
R. F. Eslick. Department of Plant and Soil Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
E. A. Hockett. Research Geneticist, Plant Science Research Division, ARS, U.S.D.A., and Department of Plant and Soil Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
S. Nonaka. Tochigi Agricultural Experiment Station, Minami Kawachi Division, Minami Kawachi, Tochigi, Japan.
R. T. Ramage. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
T. Tsuchiya and T. E. Haus
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BGS 0009 Short (fine) awn lk 2
Previous nomenclature and gene symbol: Long vs. short awn, Aa (1)
Lk lk (2)
Lk 4 lk 4 (3)
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive to the long awned condition. Like alleles for laterally awnless conditions, the gene for short awn is partially or completely epistatic to K for hooded appendages.
Description: All the awns of both central and lateral spikelets are simultaneously reduced to about 3/5 of the long-awned type. Texture of the short awn is finer and more flexible than that of the long awn especially in the non-uzu genotypic background, and it is sometimes called in Japan as fine-awned type.
Origin of mutants: Spontaneous mutation in many cultivars, especially those distributed in Japan, Korea, China Proper and Nepal.
Mutational events: lk 2 in many cultivars. The gene occurs often associated
with dense head gene 1 in the same linkage group.
lk 2 in Kairyo Bozu n L v Uz b S R (2, 3)
lk 2 in Aizu Hadaka n l v Uz b S R (2)
lk 2 in Kobinkatagi 4 n l v Uz b S R (2)
lk 2 in Mt 637467 (3)
lk 2 in Mt 637468 (3)
lk 2 in Half-awned Atlas (C.I. 10963) (3)
lk 2 in C.I. 5638 (3)
lk 2 in Big Culm (C.I. 3202) (3)
lk 2 in Sermo (C.I. 7776) (3)
Mutants used for description and seed stocks: lk 2 in Honen 6 n l v Uz b S R
References:
1. Takezaki, Y. 1927. Report of National Agr. Exp. Sta. (Tokyo) 46:1-43.
2. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda and Y. Itano. 1953. Ber. Ohara
Inst. landw. Forsch. 10(1):29-52.
3. Eslick, R. F. and E. A. Hockett. 1967. Crop Sci. 7:266-267.
Prepared: R. Takahashi 1971
Revised: R. Takahashi and T. Tsuchiya 1972
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BGS 0118 Reduced number of tillers rnt
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (1). Located on chromosome 3 (1).
Description: Reduced number of tillers and stiff straw. Mean culm number of individual being 2 ~ 3 including main stem. Leaf color is dark green (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous mutation which occurred in the hybrid of "Chikurin-Ibaragi No. 2 x Miho Hadaka" (1).
Mutational events: rnt in Mitake (1).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: rnt in Mitake. N v uz k b O S
References:
1. Nonaka, S. 1973. Barley Genetics Newsletter 3:45-47.
Prepared: S. Nonaka. 1972.
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BGS 0383 Normal vs. male sterile Ms22 ms22
Previous nomenclature and symbolization: Normal vs. male sterile, Ms,,e ms, , e (1,2).
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2). Located on chromosome 1 (2).
Description: Selfing - None (2). Outcrossing - Complete female fertility (2). Stamen - anthers with no stomium and smaller than fertile sib; no filament elongation.
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the selection Glacier x Compana, CI 10861 (1).
Mutational events: ms22 in CI 10861, spontaneous (1).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: ms22 in CI 10861.
References:
1. Hockett, E. A., R. F. Eslick, D. A. Reid, and G. A. Wiebe. 1968.
Crop Science 8:754-755.
2. Hockett, E. A. and R. F. Eslick. 1970. Proc. 2nd Int. Barley Genet.
Symp.:298-307. WSU Press, Pullman, Washington.
Prepared: E. A. Hockett. 1971.
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BGS 0384 Normal vs. male sterile Ms23 ms23
Previous nomenclature and symbolization: Normal vs. male sterile, Ms,, b ms,, b (1,2).
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2). Located on chromosome 1 (2).
Description: Selfing - None (2). Outcrossing - Complete female fertility (2). Stamen - anthers with no stomium and smaller than fertile sib; no filament elongation.
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes CI 6398 (1).
Mutational events: ms23 in Betzes CI 6398, spontaneous (1).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: ms23 in Betzes CI 6398
References:
1. Hockett, E. A., R. F. Eslick, D. A. Reid and G. A. Wiebe. 1968.
Crop Science 8:754-755.
2. Hockett, E. A. and R. F. Eslick. 1970. Proc. 2nd Int. Barley Genet.
Symp.:298-307. WSU Press, Pullman, Washington.
Prepared: E. A. Hockett. 1971.
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BGS 0385 Normal vs. male sterlle Ms24 ms24
Previous nomenclature and symbolization: Normal vs. male sterile, Ms,, v ms,, v (1,2).
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2). Located on chromosome 4 (2).
Description: Selfing - None (2). Outcrossing - Complete female fertility (2). Stamen - anthers with no stomium and smaller than fertile sib; no filament elongation.
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes CI 6398 (1).
Mutational events: ms24 in Betzes CI 6398, spontaneous (1). ms24 ok in Betzes CI 6398, spontaneous (3). ms24 ok in Betzes CI 6398, spontaneous (3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: ms24 in Betzes CI 6398.
References:
1. Hockett, E. A., R. F. Eslick, D. A. Reid, and G. A. Wiebe. 1968.
Crop Science 8:754-755.
2. Hockett, E. A. and R. F. Eslick. 1970. Proc. 2nd. Int. Barley Genet.
Symp.: 298-307. WSU Press, Pullman, Washington.
3. Hockett, E. A. 1972. Barley Genet. Newsletter. 2:138-143.
Prepared: E. A. Hockett. 1971.
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BGS 0012 Normal vs. desynapsis Desl desl
Previous nomenclature and symbolization: Normal vs. long chromosomes, Lc lc (1,3,5).
Inheritance: Monofactorial resessive (1,3). Located on chromosome 1 (1,3).
Description: The mutant was assigned the symbol lc for "long chromosomes" because of the frequent failure of one of the arms of a chromosome to be associated with its homologue resulting in a "long" appearance of metaphase I chromosomes (1). The chromosomes are paired at pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 2.6 + 1.6 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 5 rod bivalents plus 4 univalents (d = 9). Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are frequently observed at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 0.3 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to 6. Ovule fertility is about 45% (2).
Origin of mutant: X-ray induced in the cultivar Mars C.I.7015 (1,3).
Mutational events: desla X-ray induced in the cultivar Mars C.I.7015 (1,3). deslv spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Freja C.I.7130 (4).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: desla in Mars C.I.7015.
References:
1. Burnham, C. R. 1946. Genetics 31: 212-213. (Abstr.).
2. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
3. McLennan, H. A. 1947. M.S. Thesis. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
4. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
5. Robertson, D. W., G. A. Wiebe and R. G. Shands. 1947. Jour. Amer.
Soc. Agron. 39: 464-473.
Prepared: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972
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BGS 0119 Normal vs desynapsis Des2 des2
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: Normal vs. desynaptic chromosomes, Ds ds (1,2,4).
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (1,2). Located on chromosome 3 (1,2).
Description: Synapsed homologous chromosomes disjoin precociously because of apparent lack of chiasmata (1). The chromosomes are paired at pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 6.0 + 3.3 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = O) to 2 rod bivalents plus 10 univalents (d = 12). Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are frequently observed at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 1.8 micronuclei per quartet with a range of O to 7. Ovule fertility is about 1% and highly variable from spike to spike on the same plant (3).
Origin of mutant: X-ray induced in the cultivar Husky C.I.9537 (1).
Mutational events: des2b X-ray induced in the cultivar Husky C.I. 9537 (1)
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des2b in Husky C.I.9537.
References:
1. Enns, H. and E. N. Larter. 1960. Can. J. Plant Sci. 40: 570-571.
2. Enns, H. and E. N. Larter. 1962. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 4: 263-266.
3. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
4. Robertson, D. W. 1963. Proc. 1st Int. Barley Genetics Symp., Wageningen.
Prepared: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R.T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972.
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BGS 0386 Normal vs. desynapsis Des3 des3
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None.
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2,3).
Description The chromosomes are paired at pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene and diakinesis, The degree of desynapsis is O.9 + 1.7 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 4 ring bivalents plus 2 rod bivalents plus 2 univalents (d = 4). Ovule fertility ranges from 1% to 33%; much too low to be explained by the low degree of desynapsis observed in microsporocytes (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutational events: des3c spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des3c in Betzes C.I.6398.
References:
1. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
2. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 1: 38.
3. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soraino. 1972. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
Prepared: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972.
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BGS 0013 Normal vs. desynapsis Des4 des4
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None.
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2,3) Located on chromosome 1 (1).
Description:
The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis
during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 3.3 + 2.2 ranging
from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 3 rod bivalents plus 8 univalents (d =
11). Many univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes
and micronuclei are frequently observed at telophase I. Microspore quartets
contain an average of 1.0 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to
10. Ovule fertility is about 18% (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutational events: des4d spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3). des4h spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des4d in Betzes C.I.6398.
References
1. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
2. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 1: 38.
3. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
Prepared: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972.
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BGS 0014 Normal vs. desynapsis Des5 des5
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None.
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2,3). Located on chromosome 1 (1).
Description:
The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis
during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 11.1 + 2.6 ranging
from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 14 univalents (d = 14). Many univalents
split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei
are frequently observed at telophase I Microspore quartets contain an average
of 4.5 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to 18. Ovule fertility
is about 7%. When crossed with non-allelic desynaptic lines, the F1 frequently
shows a low degree of desynapsis (up to 3 rod bivalents) (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutational events: des5e spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3). des5f spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3). des5g spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I. 6398 (2,3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des5e in Betzes C.I.6398.
Prepared:
1. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
2. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 1: 38.
3. Ramage, R. T and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
References: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F Eslick 1972.
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BGS 0215 Normal vs. desynapsis Des6 des6
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None.
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2,3). Located on chromosome 5 (1).
Description: The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 7 9 + 2.1 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = O) to 14 univalents (d = 14). Many univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are frequently observed at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 3.3 micronuclei per quartet with a range of O to 12. Ovule fertility is about 16% (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutational events: des6i spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3). des6m induced in the cultivar O.A.C. 21 C.I.1470 (2,3). des6o spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des6i in Betzes C.I.6398.
References:
1. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
2. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 1: 38.
3. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Barely Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
Prepared: J M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972.
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BGS 0064 Normal vs. desynapsis Des7 des7
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None.
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2,3). Located on chromosome 2 (1).
Description: The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 6.1 + 2.6 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 14 univalents (d = 14). Many univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are frequently observed at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 3.0 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to 13. Ovule fertility is about 33% (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I. 6398 (2,3).
Mutational events: des7j spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des7j in Betzes C.I.6398.
References:
1. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
2. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. l971. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 1: 38.
3. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
Prepared: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972.
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BGS 0387 Normal vs. desynapsis Des8 des8
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization: None.
Inheritance: Monofactorial recessive (2,3).
Description: The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 7.9 + 2.3 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 14 univalents (d = 14). Many univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes 2nd micronuclei are frequently observed at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 1.2 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to 10. Ovule fertility is about 22% (1).
Origin of mutant: Spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutational events: des8k spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3). des8l spontaneous occurrence in the cultivar Betzes C.I.6398 (2,3).
Mutant used for description and seed stock: des8k in Betzes C.I.6398.
References:
1. Hernandez-Soriano, J. M. 1973. M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona,
Tucson.
2. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 1:38.
3. Ramage, R. T. and J. M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Barley Genetics
Newsletter 2: 65-68.
Prepared: J. M. Hernandez-Soriano, R. T. Ramage and R. F. Eslick. 1972.