Stock number: BGS 600
Locus name: Proanthocyanidin-free 18
Locus symbol: ant18

Previous nomenclature and symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (3, 4).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1).

No anthocyanin pigmentation is observed in the mutant plants. The ripe grains of the ant18 mutants have a shrunken appearance (4). The testa layers of the grains of the ant18 mutants lack proanthocyanidins and catechins but accumulate small amounts of dihydroquercetin (8, 9). The ant18 gene has been isolated and sequenced. It codes for a protein with a deduced amino acid sequence of 354 residues and a molecular weight of 38.4 kDa (10). It has been proved that the ant18 gene is the structural gene coding for the dihydroflavonol reductase enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of dihydroflavonols into leucoanthocyanidins (8, 10, 13). The nucleotide sequences of the ant18 genes from four ant18 mutants have been analyzed in detail and the nature of the sodium azide induced mutations in the four mutants has been revealed (11).

A sodium azide induced mutant in Nordal (NGB 13680) (2).

ant18.102, 18.141, 18.144 in Nordal (3); ant18.106, 18.111 in Alf (NGB 13682) (3); ant18.146, 18.186 in Triumph (PI 268180, NGB 13678) (3); ant18.159 (NGB 13699),18.161, 18.162, 18.164 (NGB 13702), 18.183 in Gula Abed (NGB 13681) (3); ant18.166, 18.170, 18.175, 18.176, 18.177, 18.178, 18.179 in Ark Royal (PI 447006) (3); ant18.168 in Triumph (4); ant18.195, 18.196, 18.197 in Georgie (PI 447012, NGB 13683) (3); ant18.198, 18.204 in Secobra 4681 (3); ant18.206 in Hege 876 (3); ant18.209 in Hege 802 (3); ant18.215, 18.226 in Hege 802 (4); ant18.234, 18.235 in Tron (3); ant18.236, 18.240, 18.244, 18.248 in Gunhild (PI 464655, NGB 13690) (3); ant18.254 in Tokak (PI 264251) (4); ant18.256, 18.257, 18.258, 18.259, 18.260, 18.261, 18.262, 18.263 in Tokak (3); ant18.275, 18.276, 18.279 in VP116 (NGB 13691) (3); ant18.281, 18.286, 18.291 in Hege 550/75 (NGB 13692) (3); ant18.292 in Bonus (PI 189763) (3); ant18.299, 18.302, 18.303, 18.304, 18.309, 18.339, 18.341 in Ca 41507 (3); ant18.319, 18.323, 18.324, 18.325 in Harry (PI 491575) (4); ant18.332 in Ca 603801 (4); ant18.337 in Ackermann 724/5/7 (4); ant18.342 in Secobra 18193 (NGB 13684) (3); ant18.344 in NZ 716.01 (4); ant18.356, 18.357 in Hege 841/80 (4); ant18.365, 18.366 in Ca 36167 (4); ant18.367 in Gimpel (PI 564720) (4); ant18.374, 18.376, 18.377 in Fanette (4); ant18.378 in Ca 33787 (NGB 13693) (4); ant18.380, 18.392, 18.463 in Irene (4); ant18.402 in Odin (4); ant18.415 in Kaya (4); ant18.425 in NZ 3789 (4); ant18.427 in NZ 3789 (5); ant18.428, 18.429, 18.431, 18.433, 18.435, 18.436 in NZ 1836-3 (4); ant18.442 in Ca 710516 (4); ant18.448 in Catrin (4); ant18.451 in Ca 601427 (4); ant18.454, 18.456, 18.459 in Ackermann 1734/5 (4); ant18.460 in Pamela (4); ant18.467, 18.468, 18.471 in Grit (PI 548764, NGB 13685) (4); ant18.473, 18.474 in Almudena (5); ant18.478 in Zenit (PI 574447, NGB 13686) (4); ant18.481 in Secobra 9709 (4); ant18.505 in WA 8953-75 (3); ant18.512 in 72AB3484 (3); ant18.519 in WA9044-75 (3); ant18.532, 18.533, 18.591, 18.592, 18.617, 18.618, 18.621 in Advance (CIho 15804) (4); ant18.610, 18.611, 18.613 in Andr‚ (PI 469107) (4); ant18.623 in Klages (CIho 15478) (4); ant18.638 in 8892-78 (12); ant18.659, 18.660 in Cougbar (PI 496400) (12); ant18.1503, 18.1506, 18.1517, 18.1518 in Amagi-Nijo (3); ant18.1509 in Haruna-Nijo (3); 18.1531, 18.1532 in Nirasaki-Nijo 14 (4); ant18.1536 in Nirakei 62 (4); ant18.1539 in Nirakei 63 (4); ant18.5001, 18.5002, 18.5003, 18.5004, 18.5005, 18.5008, 18.5009, 18.5010 in Igri (PI 428488) (6); ant18.5018, 18.5022, 18.5023, 18.5030, 18.5041 in Sonja (PI 392047) (7); ant18.5027 in Video (7); ant18.5043 in Ackermann 27/4/98 (7); ant18.5046, 18.5048 in Lucia (7); ant18.5049 in Marinka.

ant18.102 in Nordal (GSHO 1630); ant18.102 in Bowman (PI 483237)*3 (GSHO 1856); ant18.161 in Gula Abed (NGB 13700); ant18.162 in Gula Abed (NGB 13701).

1. Boyd, P.W., and D.E. Falk. 1990.(Personal communications).
2. Jende-Strid, B. 1978. Mutation frequencies obtained after sodium azide treatments in different barley varieties. BGN 8:55-57.
3. Jende-Strid, B. 1984. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. BGN 14:76-79.
4. Jende-Strid, B. 1988. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. Stock list of ant mutants kept at the Carlsberg Laboratory. BGN 18:74-79.
5. Jende-Strid, B. 1991. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. BGN 20:87-88.
6. Jende-Strid, B. 1993. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. BGN 22:136-137.
7. Jende-Strid, B. 1995. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. BGN 24:162-165.
8. Jende-Strid, B., and K.N. Kristiansen. 1987. Genetics of flavonoid biosynthesis in barley. p. 445-453. In: S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.
9. Kristiansen, K.N. 1984. Biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in barley: Genetic control of the conversion of dihydroquercetin to catechins and procyanidins. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49:503-524.
10. Kristiansen, K.N., and W. Rohde. 1991. Structure of the Hordeum vulgare gene encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase and molecular analysis of ant18 mutants blocked in flavonoid synthesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 230:49-59.
11. Olsen, O., Z. Wang, and D. von Wettstein. 1993. Sodium Azide mutagenisis: Preferential generation of AT®GC transitions in the barley Ant18 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8043-8047.
12. Ullrich, S., and J. Cochran. 1998. (Personal communications).
13. Wang, Z., O. Olsen, and S. Knudsen. 1993. Expression of the dihydroflavonol reductase gene in an anthocyanin-free barley mutant. Hereditas 119:67-75.

Prepared:

B. Jende-Strid. 1998. BGN 29:88