Page
178 . . . BGS 151; Chlorina seedling 9
179 . . . BGS 152; Hooded lemma
181 . . . BGS 155; Glossy leaf 1
183 . . . BGS 156; Long basal rachis internode 2
184 . . . BGS 157; Brachytic 2
185 . . . BGS 158; Yellow head 1
186 . . . BGS 160; Enhancer of minute
187 . . . BGS 161; Semi-minute dwarf 1
188 . . . BGS 163; Spring growth habit 1
189 . . . BGS 164; Hairs on lemma nerves
190 . . . BGS 165; Glossy leaf 3
192 . . . BGS 166; Male sterile genetic 25
193 . . . BGS 167; Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV)
194 . . . BGS 168; Globosum-a
195 . . . BGS 170; Light green 3
196 . . . BGS 171; Light green 4
197 . . . BGS 172; Short awn 5
198 . . . BGS 173; Non-blue aleurone xenia 3
199 . . . BGS 174; Non-blue (pink) aleurone xenia 4
200 . . . BGS 178; Intermedium spike-c
202 . . . BGS 179; Hairy leaf sheath
203 . . . BGS 180; Single internode dwarf
204 . . . BGS 181; Early maturity 9
205 . . . BGS 182; Extra floret-a
Stock number: BGS 151
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 9
Locus symbol: fch9
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Chlorina k = fk (2).
Chlorina 9 = f9 (1, 3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 4HS (2), over 22.7 cM distal from the Kap (hooded
lemma) locus (2).
Description:
Seedling leaves are yellow green in color, and the yellow green color persists
until near maturity (2). Plants grown in the field are stunted and maturity is
delayed.
Origin of mutant:
An X-ray induced mutant in Ko A (OUJ215, PI 383935) (2).
Mutational events:
fch9.k in Ko A (OUM288, Kmut 174) (2).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
fch9.k in Ko A (GSHO 571); fch9.k in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO
1996).
References:
1. Robertson, D.W. 1971. Recent information of linkage and chromosome mapping.
p. 220-242. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley Genetics II. Second Int. Barley
Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
2. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1972. Inheritance and
linkage studies in barley. V. Locating seven new mutant genes. Ber. Ohara Inst.
landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 15:147-168.
3. Tsuchiya, T., D.A. Jensen, and T.E. Haus. 1973. Allelism tests of some
chlorina mutant genes of barley. BGN 3:71-72.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:137.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:178.
Stock number: BGS 152
Locus name: Hooded lemma
Locus symbol: Kap
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Hooded lemma= K (9).
Hooded lemma = A (10).
Hooded = C1 (3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial dominant (1, 3, 8).
Located in chromosome 4HS (1), about 25.1 cM proximal from the glf3
(glossy leaf 3) locus (6).
Description:
The hooded ("Kapuze") trait is characterized by an appendage to the lemma,
which develops as a trifurcate structure consisting of a deformed floret at its
center with two triangular leaf-like projections called lemma wings. The
supernumerary floret often contains stamens with fertile pollen grains and
occasionally bears a kernel within it (5, 6, 11). The ectopic expression of the
Kap1.a allele forms the extra floret and is associated with the presence
of a 305-base pair duplication in intron 4 of the Knox3 sequence (4).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in many cultivars (5, 7); probably one spontaneous event
early during the domestication of barley (4).
Mutational events:
Kap1.a in an unknown cultivar (4, 7); Kap1.e
(Ke, elevated hooded) a mutant of the Kap1.a allele in
an unknown cultivar (BGS 153, GSHO 763, Chengchou 5) (4, 7).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
Kap1.a in Colsess (GSHO 985); Kap1.a from Strip Tease (CIho 6837)
in Betzes (PI 129430)*7 (PI 533600, Haybet), Kap1.a from CIho 2220 in
Compana (PI 537442)*7 (PI 534506) (2); Kap1.a from R.I. Wolfe's Multiple
Dominant Marker Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 2007).
References:
1. Buckley, G.F.H. 1930. Inheritance in barley with special reference to the
color of caryopsis and lemma. Sci. Agric. 10:460-492.
2. Hockett, E.A., and H.F. Bowman. 1990. Registration of hooded barley isogenic
lines. Crop Sci. 30:754-755.
3. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag.,
Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
4. Müller, K.J., N. Romano, O. Gerstner, F. Gracia-Maroto, C. Pozzi, F.
Salamini, and W. Rohde. 1995. The barley Hooded mutation caused by a
duplication in a homeobox gene intron. Nature 374:727-730.
5. Stebbins, G.L., and E. Yagil. 1966. The morphogenetic effects of the hooded
gene in barley. I. The course of development in hooded and awned genotypes.
Genetics 54:727-741.
6. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and C. Hirao. 1967. Linkage studies. Barley
Newsl. 5:41-42.
7. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and
linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
8. Tschermak, E. von. 1901. Über Züchtung neuer Getreiderassen
mittelst künstlicher Kreuzung. Kritisch-historische Betrachtungen.
Zeitschrift für das landwirtschaftliche Versuchswesen Oesterreich
4:1029-1060.
9. Ubisch, G. von. 1919. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. II. Z.
Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 20:65-117.
10. Ubisch, G. von. 1921. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. III. Z.
Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 25:198-200.
11. Yagil, E., and G.L. Stebbins. 1969. The morphogenetic effects of the hooded
gene in barley. II. Cytological and environmental factors affecting gene
expression. Genetics 62:307-319.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:138.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:179-180.
Stock number: BGS 155
Locus name: Glossy leaf 1
Locus symbol: glf1
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Waxless bloom on leaves = w1 (10).
Glossy = gl (9).
Glossy leaves = gl (15).
Glossy leaf = gl (14).
Glossy seedling 2 = gl2 (3, 9).
Eceriferum-zh = cer-zh (4).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (9).
Located in chromosome 4HL (3, 9, 11, 13), about 7.5 cM distal from the lbi2
(long basal rachis internode 2) locus (1), and about 4.8 cM distal from the
Mlg (Reg2, reaction to Erysiphe graminis) locus (1).
Description:
Surface wax coating on the leaf blade appears absent from the seedling stage to
near maturity, and leaves have a shiny appearance (wax code ++ ++ -) (4).
Plants are semidwarf, relatively weak, and late in heading. The stock in the
Bonus is highly sterile (4), but the Bowman backcross-derived line has nearly
complete fertility.
Origin of mutant:
A radiation induced mutant in Himalaya (CIho 1312) (9, 12), an X-ray induced
mutant in Bonus (PI 189763) (4).
Mutational events:
glf1.a, glf1.b (gl2, GSHO 22) in Himalaya (12); glf1.f in
34-119-1, glf1.g in II-34-199-7-2 (GSHO 89) (2); cer-zh.54 in
Bonus (4, 5); cer-zh.266, -zh.308, -zh.357, -zh.366, -zh.432,
-zh.433 in Foma (CIho 11333) (5, 8); cer-zh.325 in Foma (5);
cer-zh.373 in Foma (6); cer-zh.865 in Bonus (7).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
glf1.a in Himalaya (GSHO 98); cer-zh.54 in Bonus (GSHO 455) is
used for allelism tests; glf1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 2015).
References:
1. Forster, B.P. 1993. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 4. BGN 22:75-77.
2. Haus, T.E., and T. Tsuchiya. 1972. Allelic relationships among glossy
seedling mutants. BGN 2:79-80.
3. Immer, F.R., and M.T. Henderson. 1943. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics
28:419-440.
4. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1962. Induction of eceriferum mutants
in barley by ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens. Hereditas 48:342-362.
5. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1971. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants. BGN 1:97-102.
6. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1973. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants II. BGN 3:110-112.
7. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1977. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants IV. BGN 5:92-96.
8. Lundqvist, U., P. von Wettstein-Knowles, and D. von Wettstein. 1968.
Induction of eceriferum mutants in barley by ionizing radiations and chemical
mutagens. II. Hereditas 59:473-504.
9. Robertson, D.W., and O.H. Coleman. 1942. Location of glossy and yellow leaf
seedlings in two linkage groups. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34:1028-1034.
10. Smith, L., 1951. Cytology and genetics of barley. Bot. Rev. 17:1-355.
11. Tsuchiya, T. 1981. Revised linkage maps of barley. 1981. BGN 11:96-98.
12. Tsuchiya, T., and T.E. Haus. 1973. Allelism testing in barley. I. Analysis
of ten mapped genes. J. Hered. 64:282-284.
13. Tsuchiya, T., and R.J. Singh. 1982. Chromosome mapping in barley by means
of telotrisomic analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 61:201-208.
14. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley
mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet.
Cytol. 5:200-219.
15. Woodward, R.W. 1957. Linkages in barley. Agron. J. 49:28-32.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:141 as BGS 155, Glossy seedling,
gl; and BGN 1:145 as BGS 159, Glossy seedling 2, gl2.
U. Lundqvist. 1975. BGN 5:144 as BGS 426, Eceriferum-zh, cer-zh.
Revised:
T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:114 as BGS 155, Glossy seedling, gl; and BGN
10:116 as BGS 159, Glossy seedling 2, gl2.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:181-182.
Stock number: BGS 156
Locus name: Long basal rachis internode 2
Locus symbol: lbi2
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Long basal rachis internode 2 = lb2 (3).
Erectoides-i = ert-i (4, 5, 6).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2, 3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (3, 6), less than 12.8 cM proximal from the
Kap (hooded lemma) locus (3, 5), about 2.4 cM proximal from the Kap
locus (4), and about 18.5 cM proximal from the glf1 (glossy leaf 1)
locus (7).
Description:
Mutant plants in the cultivar Montcalm have a marked elongation and weakness of
the basal rachis internode of the spike. This region may be 10 to 13 cm long in
some tillers. The spike hangs vertically downward from the collar on emergence
from the sheath and is often broken off in this region by the wind. Even when
not broken off, spikes have a high degree of sterility and contain poorly
filled grain. Plants show delayed maturity (3). The ert-i mutants in
Bonus have an erect, semicompact (rachis internode length ranging from 2.3 to
2.9 mm) spike, an elongated (2 to 4 cm) basal rachis internode, and reduced
plant height (3/4 normal) (6). Removal of modifiers from the Montcalm and Bonus
mutant stocks by backcrossing produces Bowman backcross-derived lines having
similar phenotypes (1).
Origin of mutant:
A gamma-ray induced mutant in Montcalm (CIho 7149) (3).
Mutational events:
lbi2.b in Montcalm (Alb Acc 1028) (3); ert-i.27, -i.53 in Bonus
(PI 189763) (1, 2); ert-i.126 in Bonus (6).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
lbi2.b in Montcalm (GSHO 572); ert-i.27 in Bonus (GSHO 482);
lbi2.b in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 2009); ert-i.27 in Bowman*7
(GSHO 2008).
References:
1. Franckowiak, J.D. 1992. Allelism tests among selected semidwarf barleys. BGN
21:17-23.
2. Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958. Sparsely contra
densely ionizing radiations and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley.
Hereditas 44:523-530.
3. Kasha, K.J., and G.W.R. Walker. 1960. Several recent barley mutants and
their linkages. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 2:397-415.
4. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense
ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
5. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense
ear loci in barley II. Hereditas 63:1-28.
6. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative
character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants.
Hereditas 61:115-178.
7. Schondelmaier, J., G. Fischbeck, and A. Jahoor. 1993. Linkage studies
between morphological and RFLP markers in the barley genome. BGN 22:57-62.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:142.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:183.
Stock number: BGS 157
Locus name: Brachytic 2
Locus symbol: brh2
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Brachytic 2 = br2 (6).
Breviaristatum-l = ari-l (2, 3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (6).
Located in chromosome 4HL (5), about 1.5 cM proximal from the glf3
(glossy leaf 3) locus (1, 5) and over 22.8 cM proximal from the Kap
(hooded lemma) locus (5).
Description:
Plant height and vigor are reduced to about 2/3 normal; the awn is less than
1/4 normal length; the spike is semi-compact; and the leaf, kernel, glume and
glume awn, rachilla, and coleoptile are shorter than in the original cultivar.
Auricles are well developed and larger than those of the original cultivar
(6).
Origin of mutant:
An X-ray induced mutant in Svanhals (PI 5474) (6).
Mutational events:
brh2.b in Svanhals (Kmut 28, OUM283) (6); ari-l.3 in Bonus (PI
189763) (3); ari-l.132 in Foma (CIho 11333) (4); ari-l.135, -l.145,
-l.214, -l.237 in Foma, -l.257 in Kristina (3).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
brh2.b in Svanhals (GSHO 573); ari-l.3 in Bonus (GSHO 1660);
brh2.b in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 2016); ari-l.3 in Bowman*6
(GSHO 2017).
References:
1. Forster, B.P. 1993. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 4. BGN 22:75-77.
2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. The brachytic class of semidwarf mutants in barley.
BGN 24:56-59.
3. Kucera, J., U. Lundqvist, and Å. Gustafsson. 1975. Inheritance of
breviaristatum mutants in barley. Hereditas 80:263-278.
4. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
5. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and I. Moriya. 1971. Linkage studies in barley.
BGN 1:51-58.
6. Tsuchiya, T. 1962. Radiation breeding in two-rowed barley. Seiken Ziho
14:21-34.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:143.
Revised:
T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:115.
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:184.
Stock number: BGS 158
Locus name: Yellow head 1
Locus symbol: yhd1
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2, 3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (2), over 8.7 cM distal from the Hsh (hairy
leaf sheath) locus (1, 2).
Description:
The spike appears ivory to pale yellow in color; the lemma is ivory-colored,
but terminates into green tips with green awns; the plant has a whitish lower
leaf sheath and ivory-colored stem nodes and rachis internodes (2). Mutant
plants head and mature slightly earlier than normal sibs.
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in an unknown cultivar (2).
Mutational events:
yhd1.a in Kimugi (OUL012) (2).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
yhd1.a in Kimugi (GSHO 574); yhd1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO
2028).
References:
1. Hayashi, J., and R. Takahashi. 1986. Location of hs for hairy sheath
and yh for yellow head character on barley chromosome 4. BGN
16:24--27.
2. Takahashi, R., and J. Hayashi. 1966. Inheritance and linkage studies in
barley. II. Assignment of several new mutant genes to their respective linkage
groups by the trisomic method of analysis. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol.,
Okayama Univ. 13:185-198.
3. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and S. Yasuda. 1957. [Four genes in linkage in
barley, which are inherited independently of the markers in the known seven
linkage groups in barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 45:49-58. [In Japanese.]
Prepared:
T.E. Haus and T. Tsuchiya. 1971. BGN 1:144.
Revised:
J. D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:185.
Stock number: BGS 160
Locus name: Enhancer of minute
Locus symbol: en-min
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive, but expressed only in plants homozygous for the
min1.a (semi-minute dwarf 1) allele (3).
Location is unknown.
Description:
Plants are extremely dwarfed with the adult plant being less than 5 cm tall.
The leaf blade and sheath are very short and thick and have a whitish dark
green color. Roots are thick and short with C-tumor-like swelling at their
tips. No spikes are formed; hence, the stock must be maintained as a
heterozygote at the min1 locus (2). Among the kernels produced by
heterozygous plants, those that will give rise to minute plants have a markedly
shrunken endosperm (1, 2). Tissues of the plant are mixoploid with 2x, 3x, 4x,
and up to 60x cells being formed by abnormal cytokinesis (1, 2).
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant at the min1 locus in Kaiyo Bozu (OUJ378, PI 467405)
permits expression of en-min (2).
Mutational events:
Natural occurrence of en-min in Kaiyo Bozu (OUL921) (2).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
en-min in a line of Kaiyo Bozu that is heterozygous at the min1
locus (GSHO 266).
References:
1. Morikawa, T., and E. Gomi. 1996. Pleiotropism of minute gene (min) of
barley. p. 530-532. In A.E. Slinkard, G.J. Scoles, and B.G. Rossnagel
(eds.) Proc. Fifth Int. Oat Conf. & Seventh Int. Barley Genet. Symp.,
Saskatoon. Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
2. Takahashi, R., A. Mochizuki, and J. Hayashi. 1955. [Heritable mixoploidy in
barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 43:51-62. [In Japanese.]
3. Takahashi, R., A. Mochizuki, and J. Hayashi. 1959. Heritable mixoploidy in
barley. II. On the semi-minute. Nogaku Kenkyu 47:95-104. [In Japanese with
English summary.]
Prepared:
R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:185.
Revised:
T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:186.
Stock number: BGS 161
Locus name: Semi-minute dwarf 1
Locus symbol: min1
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Dwarf = d (2).
Semi-minute = min (3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2), but interaction with the recessive allele at the
en-min (enhancer of minute) locus is observed in some cultivars (3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (3, 4), about 6.7 cM distal from the glf3
(glossy leaf 3) locus (1, 4).
Description:
Plants are 1/2 as tall as the original cultivar, spikes and awns are slightly
shorter, and the number of tillers, spikelets per spike, and numbers of kernels
are slightly less than in the original cultivar (2). In meristematic tissues of
root tips and young shoots, polyploid nuclei consisting of 4x, 8x, and
sometimes many more chromosomes are found together with normal diploid cells.
Epidermal cells of the leaves are sometimes irregular and variable in shape and
size. The mixoploid condition of tissues is believed to result from incomplete
cytokinesis following nuclear division (4). Plant vigor in the Bowman
backcross-derived line is very sensitive to environmental stress. When grown in
the greenhouse, the plants are 2/3 normal height, spike size and length are
reduced, and leaves are narrow. Under field conditions, plants are diminutive
(less than 1/4 normal height and size) and seed set is low.
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in Taisho-mugi (OUJ026) (2).
Mutational events:
min1.a in Taisho-mugi with the En-min gene in the genetic
background (2, 4).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
min1.a in Taisho-mugi (GSHO 987); min1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7
(GSHO 2023).
References:
1. Forster, B.P. 1993. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 4. BGN 22:75-77.
2. Shakudo, K., and T. Kawase. 1955. On a dwarf mutant emerged in the barley.
Jpn. J. Breed. 4:20 (Abstr.)
3. Takahashi, R., A. Mochizuki, and J. Hayashi. 1959. Heritable mixoploidy in
barley. II. On the semi-minute. Nogaku Kenkyu 47:95-104. [In Japanese with
English summary.]
4. Takahashi, R., T. Tsuchiya, and I. Moriya. 1964. [Heritable mixoploidy in
barley. III.] Nogaku Kenkyu 50:123-132. [In Japanese.]
Prepared:
R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:186.
Revised:
T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:187.
Stock number: BGS 163
Locus name: Spring growth habit 1
Locus symbol: sgh1
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Light sensitiveness = ls (2).
Spring habit of growth 1 = sh1 (3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 4HL (2), about 5.1 cM distal from the Hsh (hairy
leaf sheath) locus (1, 4).
Description:
The sgh1.a allele conditions a highly spring habit (grade I) and plants
readily form ear primordia under long-day conditions without prior cold
treatment. However, the type cultivar, Iwate Mensury C, and some other
cultivars, which are homozygous for the sgh1.a allele, behave as a
winter type when sown in the fall (short-day condition) (2, 3, 6). When
near-isogenic lines for growth habit are grown at Kurashiki, Japan, the
sgh1.a allele has little influence on maturity or phenotype in the
presence of the other spring habit of growth genes (7). Cultivars having only
the sgh1.a allele for spring habit are rare (5, 6). The sgh1.a
allele is found rarely in spring barley cultivars from Tibet (8).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in many cultivars (3, 5).
Mutational events:
sgh1.a in many cultivars in the so-called Occidental region, and in most
cases sgh1.a is accompanied by the dominant allele at the Sgh2
(spring growth habit 2) locus (5).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
sgh1.a in Iwate Mensury C (OUJ308, GSHO 575); sgh1.a in Hayakiso
2 (OUJ064)*11 (7); sgh1.a in Dairokkaku 1 (OUJ654)*11 (7).
References:
1. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and S. Yasuda. 1957. [Four genes in linkage in
barley, which are inherited independently of the markers in the known seven
linkage groups in barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 45:1-10. [In Japanese.]
2. Takahashi, R., and J. Yamamoto. 1951. [Physiology and genetics of ear
emergence in barley and wheat. I. The inheritance and linkage of "light
sensitiveness" in barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 40:13-24. [In Japanese.]
3. Takahashi, R., and S. Yasuda. 1956. Genetic studies of spring and winter
habit of growth habit in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ.
10:245-308.
4. Takahashi, R., S. Yasuda, J. Yamamoto, and I. Shiojiri. 1953. [Physiology
and genetics of ear emergence in barley and wheat. II. Genic analysis of
growth-habit in two spring barleys.] Nogaku Kenkyu 40:157-168. [In Japanese.]
5. Takahashi, R., and S. Yasuda. 1971. Genetics of earliness and growth habit
in barley. p. 388-408. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley Genetics II. Proc.
Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969. Washington State Univ.
Press, Pullman.
6. Yasuda, S. 1969. [Physiology and genetics of ear emergence in barley and
wheat. VIII. Effects of four genes for spring habit on earliness in barley.]
Nogaku Kenkyu 53:99-113. [In Japanese.]
7. Yasuda, S. 1981. Comparison of yield and some yield components among strains
with different genetic combinations of spring genes in barley. BGN 11:38-40.
8. Yasuda, S., J. Hayashi, and I. Moriya. 1986. Genotype differentiation in
spring growth habit of barley strains collected from northern parts of Pakistan
and India. BGN 16:18-19.
Prepared:
S. Yasuda. 1972. BGN 2:188.
Revised:
T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:188.
Stock number: BGS 164
Locus name: Hairs on lemma nerves
Locus symbol: Hln
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Hairs on lemma nerves = Hn (3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial dominant when crossed to a cultivar having abundant barbs on the
lemma nerves (2, 3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (2), over 8.7 cM proximal from the yhd1
(yellow head 1) locus, and over 22.5 cM distal from the mlo (reaction to
Erysiphe graminis hordei-o) locus (1, 2); complete linkage with the
dominant allele at the Hsh (hairy leaf sheath) locus has been observed
(3).
Description:
A few hairs of 1 to 2 mm are mixed with the ordinary teeth or barbs on the
lateral nerves of the lemma (2, 3). Expression of the Hln1.a gene may be
easier to observe as 1 mm hairs on the tip of sterile lateral kernels in
two-rowed barley. The Hln gene is associated with a recessive short awn
trait (2/3 of normal length).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in a number of cultivars from Japan and Korea (3).
Mutational events:
Hln1.a in Kogane-mugi (OUL010) and in several other cultivars (3).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
Hln1.a in Kogane-mugi (PI 225020, GSHO 576); Hln1.a from CIho
6884 in Bowman (PI 483237)*4 (GSHO 2027).
References:
1. Hayashi, J., and R. Takahashi. 1986. Location of hs for hairy sheath
and yh for yellow head character on barley chromosome 4. BGN 16:24-27.
2. Takahashi, R., and J. Hayashi. 1966. Inheritance and linkage studies in
barley. II. Assignment of several new mutant genes to their respective linkage
groups by the trisomic method of analysis. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol.,
Okayama Univ. 13:185-198.
3. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and S. Yasuda. 1957. [Four genes in linkage in
barley, which are inherited independently of the markers in the known seven
linkage groups in barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 45:1-10. [In Japanese.]
Prepared:
R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:189.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:189.
Stock number: BGS 165
Locus name: Glossy leaf 3
Locus symbol: glf3
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Glossy leaf = gl (3).
Glossy leaf 3 = gl3 (15).
Glossy leaves 4 = gl4 (3, 18, 19, 20).
Eceriferum-j = cer-j (3, 6).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (15, 17).
Located in chromosome 4HL (1, 5, 15), about 1.5 cM distal from the brh2
(brachytic 2) locus, and over 13.7 cM from the sid (single elongated
internode) locus (4).
Description:
Surface wax coating on the leaf blades appears absent from the seedling stage
to near maturity, and leaves have a shiny appearance (wax code ++ ++ -) (6).
Concerning the chemical epicuticular wax composition, the cer-j mutant
in Bonus produces 34% less wax compared to the wild type, the primary alcohols
are the largest wax class. The wax occurs as many very thin plates and as few
large irregularly shaped bodies (2, 14, 21).
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in Goseshikoku (OUJ128) (15).
Mutational events:
glf3.c in Goseshikoku (Goseshikoku-hen, OUL032) (16); glf3.d
(gl4, GSHO 1376) in Gateway (CIho 10072) (20); cer-j.59,
-j.62 in Bonus (PI 189763) (6, 7); cer-j.71, -j.142, -j.148
in Bonus, -j.274, -j.288, -j.301, -j.311, -j.340, -j.346, -j.349,
-j.358, -j.370, -j.390, -j.429, -j.447, -j.470 in Foma (CIho 11333) (7,
14); cer-j.183, -j.184, -j.696 in Bonus, -j.275, -j.399, -j.517,
-j.521, -j.558 in Foma, -j.1024, -j.1081 in Carlsberg II (CIho
10114) (7); cer-j.458 in Foma, -j.780, -j.797, -j.832 in Bonus,
-j.1090, -j.1102 in Kristina (8); cer-j.909 in Bonus, -j.1152
in Kristina (9); cer-j.1204, -j.1231, -j.1233, -j.1239, -j.1251 in
Kristina (10); cer-j.997, -j.1331, -j.1361, -j.1388, -j.1405, -j.1433,
-j.1469 in Bonus (10); cer-j.1712, -j.1744, -j.1761, -j.1803, -j.1808
in Bonus (12); cer-j.1827 in Bonus, -j.1831, -j.1835, -j.1839,
-j.1841, -j.1843, -j.1844, -j.1847, -j.1850, -j.1852, -j.1857, -j.1858,
-j.1860, -j.1861, -j.1862 in Sv 79353 (13).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
glf3.c in Goseshikoku (GSHO 577); cer-j.59 in Bonus (GSHO 431) is
used for allelic localization tests and for wax chemistry and wax structure
studies; glf3.d in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 2019); cer-j.59 in
Bowman*3 (GSHO 2021).
References:
1. Fester, T., and B. Søgaard. 1969. The localization of eceriferum
loci in barley. Hereditas 61:327-337.
2. Giese, B.N. 1976. Roles of the cer-j and cer-p loci in
determining the epicuticular wax composition on barley seedling leaves.
Hereditas 82:137-148.
3. Haus, T.E. 1974. Allelism tests of chromosome 4 mutants. BGN 4:31-33.
4. Hayashi, J., T. Konishi, I. Moriya, and R. Takahashi. 1984. Inheritance and
linkage studies in barley VI. Ten mutant genes located on chromosomes 1 to 7,
except 3. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 18:227-250.
5. Jensen, J. 1987. Linkage map of barley chromosome 4. p. 189-199. In
S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley
Genet. Symp., Okayama, 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.
6. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1962. Induction of eceriferum mutants
in barley by ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens. Hereditas 48:342-362.
7. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1971. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants. BGN 1:97-102.
8. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1973. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants II. BGN 3:110-112.
9. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1975. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants III. BGN 5:88-91.
10. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1977. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants IV. BGN 7:92-96.
11. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1982. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants VI. BGN 12:169-172.
12. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1985. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants VII. BGN 15:89-93.
13. Lundqvist, U., and D. von Wettstein. 1988. Stock list for the eceriferum
mutants VIII. BGN 18:88-91.
14. Lundqvist, U., P. von Wettstein-Knowles, and D. von Wettstein. 1968.
Induction of eceriferum mutants in barley by ionizing radiations and chemical
mutagens. II. Hereditas 59:473-504.
15. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and I. Moriya. 1962. Linkage studies. Barley
Newsl. 5:41-42.
16. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and I. Moriya. 1971. Linkage studies in barley.
BGN 1:51-58.
17. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1972. Inheritance and
linkage studies in barley V. Locating of seven new mutant genes. Ber. Ohara
Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 15:147-168.
18. Tsuchiya, T. 1973. Allelic relationship between two glossy seedling genes,
gl3 and gl4 in barley. BGN 3:66-67.
19. Tsuchiya, T., and T.E. Haus. 1973. Allelism testing in barley. I. Analysis
of ten mapped genes. J. Hered. 64:282-284.
20. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley
mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet.
Cytol. 5:200-219.
21. Wettstein-Knowles, P. von, 1971. The molecular phenotypes of the
eceriferum mutants. p. 146-193. In R.A. Nilan (ed). Barley
Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969.
Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
Prepared:
R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:190.
T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:159 as BGS 256, Glossy leaf 4,
gl4.
Revised:
T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:117 as BGS 165, Glossy seedling 3, gl3; and
BGN 10:123 as BGS 256, Glossy leaf 4, gl4.
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:190-191.
Stock number: BGS 166
Locus name: Male sterile genetic 25
Locus symbol: msg25
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Male sterile = msg,,r (7).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2, 7).
Located in chromosome 4HL (1, 6), near the centromere and proximal from the
Blx1 (Blue aleurone xenia 1) locus (6, 9).
Description:
Selfing - 0.7% for msg25.r (6), 2.6% for msg25.dz (3).
Outcrossing - complete female fertility (6).
Stamens - anthers smaller than fertile sib, but some have stomium. Some
filament elongation may occur (6).
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in Betzes (PI 129430) (6).
Mutational events:
msg25.r in Betzes (MSS086) (6); msg25.dz (MSS374) in Klages (CIho
15487) (3, 4, 5, 8).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
msg25.r in Betzes (GSHO 744); msg25.r in Bowman (PI 483237)*7
(GSHO 2020).
References:
1. Eslick, R.F. 1971. Balanced male steriles and dominant pre-flowering
selective genes for use in hybrid barley. p. 292-297. In R.A. Nilan
(ed.) Barley Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA,
1969. Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
2. Hockett, E.A. 1974. The genetic male sterile collection. BGN 4:121-123.
3. Hockett, E.A. 1979. The genetic male sterile collection. BGN 9:124-128.
4. Hockett, E.A. 1984. Coordinator's report. The genetic male sterile barley
collection. BGN 14:70-75.
5. Hockett, E.A. 1985. Coordinator's report. The genetic male sterile barley
collection. BGN 15:81.
6. Hockett, E.A., and R.F. Eslick. 1971. Genetic male-sterile genes useful in
hybrid barley production. p. 298-307. In R.A. Nilan (ed.) Barley
Genetics II. Proc. Second Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Pullman, WA, 1969.
Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman.
7. Hockett, E.A., R.F. Eslick, D.A. Reid, and G.A. Wiebe. 1968. Genetic male
sterility in barley. II. Available spring and winter stocks. Crop Sci.
8:754-755.
8. Hockett, E.A., and C.F. McGuire. 1983. Male sterile facilitated recurrent
selection for malting barley. Barley Newsl. 27:67.
9. Kushnak, G.D. 1974. Utilizing linkages of genetic male sterile and aleurone
color genes in hybrid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) systems. Ph.D. Thesis.
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Prepared:
E.A. Hockett. 1974. BGN 4:135 as BGS 386.
E.A. Hockett. 1975. BGN 5:112.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:192.
Stock number: BGS 167
Locus name: Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus 1 (BaYMV)
Locus symbol: Rym1
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Resistance to BaYMV = Ym (4).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial partial dominant (4).
Located in chromosome 4HL, approximately 29.4 cM from the Kap (hooded
lemma) locus (4).
Description:
Plants with Rym1.a allele have much less yellowing and stunting when
grown in fields that are infested with BaYMV (4). Mokusekko 3 is resistant also
to BaYMV-2 and BaMMV in Germany (3). A second gene for resistance to BaYMV in
Mokusekko 3 is recessive and has been tentatively assigned the gene symbol
rym5 (1, 2).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in Mokusekko 3 (OUC627, PI 420938) (4), and in other
cultivars of Oriental origin (1, 2, 3).
Mutational events:
Rym1.a in Mokusekko 3 (4).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
Rym1.a in Mokusekko 3 (OUC627).
References:
1. Friedt, W. 1985. Genetic studies of resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus
of German winter barley cultivars. BGN 15:58-61.
2. Konishi, T., N. Kawada, H. Yoshida, and K. Soutome. 1989. Linkage
relationships between two loci for the barley yellow mosaic resistance of
Mokusekko 3 and esterase enzymes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Jpn. J.
Breed. 39:423-430.
3. Orden, F., R. Götz, and W. Friedt. 1993. Genetic stocks resistant to
barley mosaic viruses (BaMMV, BaYMV, BaYMV-2) in Germany. BGN 22:46-50.
4. Takahashi, R., I. Hayashi, T. Inouye, I. Moriya, and C. Hirao. 1973. Studies
on resistance to yellow mosaic disease in barley. I. Tests for varietal
reaction and genetic analysis of resistance to the disease. Ber. Ohara Inst.
landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 16:1-17.
Prepared:
R.G. Timian. 1976. BGN 6:125.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:193.
Stock number: BGS 168
Locus name: Globosum-a
Locus symbol: glo-a
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 4HS (1, 3).
Description:
Fertile spikelets are shortened and the resulting kernels are nearly round or
globe-shaped. Sterile lateral spikelets are 1/2 normal length and twisted (3).
In the Bowman backcross-derived line, the glo-a.1003 allele reduces
kernel size, test weight, and yield.
Origin of mutant:
An X-ray induced mutant in Proctor (PI 280420) (1, 3).
Mutational events:
glo-a.1003 (1343/63) in Proctor (1, 2, 3).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
glo-a.1003 in Proctor (GSHO 1328); glo-a.1003 in Bowman (PI
483237)*7 (GSHO 2006).
References:
1. Fischbeck, G., and H. Häuser. 1976. Research notes. BGN 6:28-29.
2. Häuser, H., and G. Fischbeck. 1979. Genetic analysis of some induced
mutants. BGN 9:26-27.
3. Häuser, J., and G. Fischbeck. 1976. Untersuchungen zur Lokalisierung
einiger Mutationen von Gerste (Hordeum sativum). Z. Pflanzenzücht.
77:269-280.
Prepared:
G. Fischbeck. 1978. BGN 8:152.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:194.
Stock number: BGS 170
Locus name: Light green 3
Locus symbol: lgn3
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Light green 7 = lg7 (3).
Light green 3 = lg3, the lg3 stock studied by Hanson and Kramer
(2) may not be the same as the lg3 (GSHO 171) stock.
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (1, 3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (1, 2, 4, 5), over 10.5 cM distal from the Kap
(hooded lemma) locus (2).
Description:
Seedlings have light or pale green color (3). The pale green color persists
until near maturity, and plants are very weak (3) or non-viable in the field
(2). Plants can be grown to maturity in greenhouses (4), but tillering is much
reduced and seeds are very thin.
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in an unknown cultivar (3, 4).
Mutational events:
lgn3.c in an unknown cultivar (No 150) (3); lgn3.g (lg7)
in an unknown cultivar (No 154, GSHO 173) (3).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
lgn3.c in an unknown cultivar (GSHO 171); lgn3.c in Bowman (PI
483237)*5 (GSHO 2010).
References:
1. Hanson, W.D. 1952. An interpretation of the observed amount of recombination
in interchange heterozygotes in barley. Genetics 37:90-100.
2. Hanson, W.D., and H.H. Kramer. 1949. The genetic analysis of two chromosome
interchanges in barley from F2 data. Genetics 34:687-700.
3. Immer, F.R., and M.T. Henderson. 1943. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics
28:419-440.
4. Tsuchiya, T., T. Fachan, and T.E. Haus. 1976. Primary trisomic analysis of
lg3 (light green) and f3 (chlorina) in barley. BGN 6:82-84.
5. Tsuchiya, T., and L.B. Hall. 1978. Telotrisomic analysis of four mutant
genes in barley. BGN 8:104-107.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus. 1978. BGN 8:154.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:195.
Stock number: BGS 171
Locus name: Light green 4
Locus symbol: lgn4
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Light green 1 = lg1 (2).
Light green 4 = lg4 (2).
Light green 9 = lg9 (2, 3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2, 5).
Located in chromosome 4HL (2, 4, 5, 6), about 5.0 cM distal from the Kap
(hooded lemma) locus and about 4.0 cM proximal from the glf1 (glossy
leaf 1) locus (2, 4).
Description:
Seedlings are light green in color, and the light green color persists until
near maturity (1). In the Bowman backcross-derived lines, mutant plants are
weaker than normal sibs and produce thinner seeds.
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in the progeny of the cross Himalaya X Ingrescens (2).
Mutational events:
lgn4.d (lg1) in Himalaya X Ingrescens (2); lgn4.i
(lg9) in No 156, an unknown cultivar (GSHO 1, GSHO 94) (1, 2).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
lgn4.d in Himalaya X Ingrescens (GSHO 681); lgn4.d in Bowman (PI
483237)*7 (GSHO 2011).
References:
1. Haus, T.E. 1973. Allelism among light green, lg, seedling mutants.
BGN 3:17-18.
2. Immer, F.R., and M.T. Henderson. 1943. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics
28:419-440.
3. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and R.G. Shands. 1947. A summary of linkage
studies in barley: Supplement I, 1940-1946. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39:464-473.
4. Seip, L., and T. Tsuchiya. 1978. Trisomic analysis of lg4 and
zbc. BGN 8:86-89.
5. Singh, R.J., and T. Tsuchiya. 1974. Further information on telotrisomic
analysis in barley. BGN 4:66-69.
6. Tsuchiya, T., and R.L. Haines. 1975. Trisomic analysis of nine mutant genes
in barley. BGN 5:67-69.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus. 1978. BGN 8:155.
Revised:
J. D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:196.
Stock number: BGS 172
Locus name: Short awn 5
Locus symbol: lks5
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Short awn 5 = lk5 (4).
Breviaristatum-2 = ari-2 (2, 3).
Breviaristatum-c = ari-c.2 (3, 8, 9).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (3, 4).
Located in chromosome 4HL (10), about 6.9 cM distal from the Kap (hooded
lemma) locus (4, 6).
Description:
Awns on both central and lateral spikelets are reduced to 1/4 or less of normal
length in six-rowed cultivars (4). Only the central spikelets exhibit reduced
awn length in two-rowed cultivars (1, 3). The rachilla is often modified, and
in extreme cases the rachilla may develop as an malformed additional floret
(4). Awns are thin and brittle (3).
Origin of mutant:
A spontaneous mutant in an unknown cultivar (4).
Mutational events:
lks5.f in CIho 5641 (4, 8); lks5.g (Kmut 218) in Asahi 5 (OUJ509)
(8); ari-c.2, -c.59 in Bonus (PI 189763), -c.103 in Foma (CIho
11333) (3); ari-c.106 in Foma (5); ari-c.109, -c.110, -c.111, -c.112,
-c.120, -c.139, -c.157, -c.159, -c.179, -c.180, -c.199, -c.201, -c.203, -c.204,
-c.206, -c.210, -c.229 in Foma, -c.259, -c.262, -c.272, -c.276,
-c.289, -c.291 in Kristina (3); ari-c.307 in Kristina (5); two
possible additional alleles, lks5.h (lk,,f) in two-rowed
Glacier (1) and a mutant in Morex (CIho 15773) (7), have been reported.
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
lks5.f in CIho 5641 (GSHO 1297); ari-c.2 in Bonus (GSHO 1651);
lks5.f in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 2014); ari-c.2 in Bowman*7
(GSHO 2013).
References:
1. Eckhoff, J.L.A., and R.T. Ramage. 1984. Assignment of a short awn mutant to
chromosome 4. BGN 14:20-21.
2. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A
proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv.
Hereditas 62:409-414.
3. Kucera, J., U. Lundqvist, and Å. Gustafsson. 1975. Inheritance of
breviaristatum mutants in barley. Hereditas 80:263-278.
4. Litzenberger, S.C., and J.M. Green. 1951. Inheritance of awns in barley.
Agron. J. 43:117-123.
5. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
6. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense
ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
7. Ramage, T., and J.L.A. Eckhoff. 1985. Assignment of mutants in Morex to
chromosomes. BGN 15:22-25.
8. Tsuchiya, T. 1974. Allelic relationships of genes for short-awned mutants in
barley. BGN 4:80-81.
9. Tsuchiya, T. 1975. Characteristics and inheritance of radiation-induced
mutations in barley II. Two short-awned mutations. Genetica 45:519-529.
10. Tsuchiya, T., and L.B. Hall. 1978. Telotrisomic analysis of four mutant
genes in barley. BGN 8:104-107.
Prepared:
T.E. Haus. 1978. BGN 8:156.
Revised:
T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:119.
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:197.
Stock number: BGS 173
Locus name: Non-blue aleurone xenia 3
Locus symbol: blx3
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Non-blue aleurone 3 = bl3 (1).
Complementary factors for blue vs white aleurone = Bly and bly
(6).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive when complementary dominant alleles are present at the
Blx1, Blx2, Blx4, and Blx5 loci (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 4HL (1, 2), close to the blx1 (non-blue aleurone
xenia 1) locus (1, 2, 6), and over 25.3 cM distal from the Kap (hooded
lemma) locus (1, 5).
Description:
Blue aleurone color is due to anthocyanin pigments (4) which occur as lumps
inside many aleurone granules in some or all aleurone cells (1). Variation in
blue color expression from dark blue to an off-white is caused by environmental
factors and modifying genes (1, 2). Aleurone color is best observed in well
filled grain that is magnified to show individual aleurone cells, after more
superficial tissues have been peeled off (3).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in a line selected from Composite Cross V (6).
Mutational events:
blx3.c in line Blx selected from Composite Cross V (1).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
blx3.c in line Blx selected from Composite Cross V (GSHO 2506).
References:
1. Finch, R. A., and E. Simpson. 1978. New colours and complementary colour
genes in barley. Z. Pflanzenzücht. 81:40-53.
2. Kushnak, G.D. 1974. Utilizing linkages of genetic male sterile and aleurone
color genes in hybrid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) systems. Ph.D. Thesis.
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
3. Mullick, D.B., and V.C. Brink. 1970. A method for exposing aleurone tissue
of barley for color classification. Can. J. Plant Sci. 50:551-558.
4. Mullick, D.B., D.G. Faris, V.C. Brink, and R.M. Acheson. 1958. Anthocyanins
and anthocyanidins of the barley pericarp and aleurone tissues. Can. J. Plant
Sci. 38:445-456.
5. Shim, J.W., and S.J. Suh. 1987. Linkage relationship of blue aleurone genes
(Bl's) in barley. p. 213-217. In S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.)
Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama. 1986. Sanyo
Press Co., Okayama.
6. Wiebe, G.A. 1972. Blue aleurone caused by complementary genes in very close
translinkage. BGN 2:109.
Prepared:
R.A. Finch. 1978. BGN 8:165.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and R.A. Finch. 1997. BGN 26:198.
Stock number: BGS 174
Locus name: Non-blue (pink) aleurone xenia 4
Locus symbol: blx4
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Non-blue (pink) aleurone 4 = bl4 (3).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive when complementary dominant alleles are present at the
Blx1, Blx2, Blx3, and Blx5 loci (3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (3), very close to the blx1 (non-blue aleurone
xenia 1) locus (3), and over 29.5 cM distal from the Kap (hooded lemma)
locus (6).
Description:
Blue or pink aleurone color is due to pigments, known to be anthocyanin in the
case of blue (5), which occur as lumps inside many aleurone granules in some or
all aleurone cells (3). Variation in color expression from pink to an off-white
is caused by environmental factors and modifying genes (3). The pink and red
color aleurone colors are easier to observe in well filled grain that is
magnified to show individual aleurone cells, after more superficial tissues
have been peeled off (4). A brick red aleurone color results from the
interaction of the ibl (intense blue aleurone) gene with the blx4.d
gene in homozygotes (2, 3).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in a few Ethiopian and Nepalese lines (1, 2).
Mutational events:
blx4.d plus ibl in Ethiopian 637 (GSHO 2508) (1); blx4.d
only in Ab 6 (PI 548720), EP79, Grannenlose Zweizeilige (PI 548740) (3).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
blx4.d in Ab 6 (GSHO 2507).
References:
1. Finch, R.A. (unpublished).
2. Finch, R.A., and G.E. Porter. 1976. A single gene determining two new
aleurone colours in barley. BGN 6:26-27.
3. Finch, R. A., and E. Simpson. 1978. New colours and complementary colour
genes in barley. Z. Pflanzenzücht. 81:40-53.
4. Mullick, D.B., and V.C. Brink. 1970. A method for exposing aleurone tissue
of barley for color classification. Can. J. Plant Sci. 50:551-558.
5. Mullick, D.B., D.G. Faris, V.C. Brink, and R.M. Acheson. 1958. Anthocyanins
and anthocyanidins of the barley pericarp and aleurone tissues. Can. J. Plant
Sci. 38:445-456.
6. Shim, J.W., and S.J. Suh. 1987. Linkage relationship of blue aleurone genes
(Bl's) in barley. p. 213-217. In S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.)
Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama. 1986. Sanyo
Press Co., Okayama.
Prepared:
R.A. Finch. 1978. BGN 8:166.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and R.A. Finch. 1997. BGN 26:199.
Stock number: BGS 178
Locus name: Intermedium spike-c
Locus symbol: int-c
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Intensifer for Z = W (21).
Infertile intermedium = i (12, 19, 20).
Allelic series Ih, I, i (12, 22).
Intermedium spike-c = int-c (6, 7, 17, 18).
Six-rowed spike 5 = v5 (23).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (4, 5, 20, 23).
Located in chromosome 4HS (3, 5, 18, 20, 23), about 13.1 cM proximal from the
fch9 (chlorina seedling 9) locus, and about 14.5 cM distal from the
Kap (hooded lemma) locus (2, 3, 4, 5, 11).
Description:
Alleles at the int-c (v5) locus alter the size of lateral
spikelets. The lemma apex of lateral kernels is rounded or weakly pointed,
awnless or short-awned (1, 9, 16). Lower lateral spikelets may develop poorly
in some int-c mutants (4), while seed development may occur in all
lateral spikelets of others (6, 15). Variability in lateral spikelet
development among the int-c mutants is responsive, also, to
environmental conditions. The Int-c.a (formerly I) allele in
six-rowed barley increases the size of lateral spikelets, while the
int-c.b (formerly i) allele in two-rowed barley prevents anther
development in lateral spikelets (9, 21). The int-c.5 mutant in Bonus
produces fertile stamens in lateral spikelets (9). In the presence of the
Int-c.h (formerly Ih) allele of Mortoni, lateral
spikelets are male fertile and may occasionally set seed (8, 12). Spikes of
vrs5.n (v5) plants appear similar to the six-rowed spike, but
lateral spikelets are smaller (less than half the size of the central
spikelets) and broader (3, 4).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in many two-rowed barley cultivars; an X-ray induced mutant
in Gamma 4 (3, 5).
Mutational events:
int-c.b (i) in two-rowed barley (22); Int-c.h
(Ih) in Mortoni (CIho 2210, GSHO 72) (8, 12); vrs5.n
(v5) in Gamma 4 (38X-197, OUM338) (3, 5, 14); int-c.5
in Bonus (PI 189763) (15, 18); int-c.7, -c.62, -c.63 in
Bonus, -c.13, -c.15, -c.16, -c.18, -c.25, -c.29
in Foma (CIho 11333), -c.33, -c.38, -c.45, -c.48, -c.49, -c.53,
-c.56, -c.60 in Kristina (15); int-c.70, -c.76, -c.78, -c.84 in
Bonus, -c.95 in Hege (13).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
vrs5.n in Gamma 4 (GSHO 776); int-c.b in Hordeum distichon
var nigrinudum (GSHO 988); int-c.5 in Bonus (GSHO 1765);
int-c.b from Compana (CIho 5438) in Bonneville (CIho 7248)*6 (CIho 16176)
(10); vrs5.n in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 2002); int-c.5 in
Bowman*6 (GSHO 2003).
References:
1. Åberg, E., and G.A. Wiebe. 1945. Irregular barley, Hordeum
irregulare sp. nov. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 35:161-164.
2. Forster, B.P. 1993. Coordinator's report: Chromosome 4. BGN 22:75-77.
3. Fukuyama, T. 1982. Locating a six-rowed gene v5 on chromosome 4 in
barley. BGN 12:29-31.
4. Fukuyama, T., J. Hayashi, and R. Takahashi. 1975. Genetic and linkage
studies of the five types of induced 'six-row' mutants. BGN 5:12-13.
5. Fukuyama, T., R. Takahashi, and J. Hayashi. 1982. Genetic studies on the
induced six-rowed mutants in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama
Univ. 18:99-113.
6. Gustafsson, Å., and U. Lundqvist. 1980. Hexastichon and intermedium
mutants in barley. Hereditas 92:229-236.
7. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A
proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv.
Hereditas 62:409-414.
8. Gymer, P.T. 1977. Probable allelism of Ii and int-c genes. BGN 7:34-35.
9. Gymer, P.T. 1978. The genetics of the six-row/two row character. BGN
8:44-46.
10. Hockett, E.A. 1985. Registration of two- and six-rowed isogenic Bonneville
barley germplasm. Crop Sci. 25:201.
11. Jensen, J. 1987. Linkage map of barley chromosome 4. p. 189-199. In
S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley
Genet. Symp., Okayama. 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.
12. Leonard, W.H. 1942. Inheritance of fertility in the lateral spikelets of
barley. Genetics 27:299-316.
13. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
14. Lundqvist, U. 1991. Coordinator's report: Ear morphology genes. BGN
20:85-86.
15. Lundqvist, U., and A. Lundqvist. 1988. Induced intermedium mutants in
barley: origin, morphology and inheritance. Hereditas 108:13-26.
16. Nötzel, H. 1952. Genetische Untersuchungen an röntgeninduzierten
Gerstenmutanten. Kühn-Archiv 66:72-132.
17. Nybom, N. 1954. Mutation types in barley. Acta Agric. Scand. 4:430-456.
18. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for dense ear
loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
19. Robertson, D.W. 1929. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics 14:1-36.
20. Robertson, D.W. 1933. Inheritance in barley. Genetics 18:148-158.
21. Ubisch, G. von. 1916. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. Z.
Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 17:120-152.
22. Woodward, R.W. 1947. The Ih, I, i allels in Hordeum deficiens
genotypes of barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39:474-482.
23. Woodward, R.W. 1957. Linkages in barley. Agron. J. 49:28-32.
Prepared:
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:200-201.
Stock number: BGS 179
Locus name: Hairy leaf sheath
Locus symbol: Hsh
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Hairy leaf sheath = Hs (6).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial dominant (3, 4, 5).
Located in chromosome 4HL (5), over 8.7 cM proximal from the yhd1
(yellow head 1) locus, and over 22.5 cM distal from the mlo (reaction to
Erysiphe graminis hordei-o) locus (2, 4).
Description:
Short hairs (1 to 3 mm) are scattered or in rows on leaf sheaths of the basal
part of the plant. The density of hairs varies considerably among cultivars and
with changes in growing conditions. With few exceptions, no hairs are observed
on the sheath of upper leaves (3, 4). Heterozygotes and smooth awned cultivars
seem to have fewer hairs.
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in a few cultivars and in some accessions of Hordeum
vulgare subsp spontaneum (1, 4, 5).
Mutational events:
Hsh1.a introduced into cultivated barley from its wild progenitor (4).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
Hsh1.a in Kimugi (OUL012, GSHO 986) (4, 5); Hsh1.a from R.I.
Wolfe's Multiple Dominant Marker Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*10 (GSHO 2026).
References:
1. Cauderon, A. 1951. Étude de I'hérédité de trois
couples de caractères morphologiques chez l'orge cultivée. Ann.
Amélior. Plant. 1:9-19.
2. Hayashi, J., and R. Takahashi. 1986. Location of hs for hairy sheath
and yh for yellow head character on barley chromosome 4. BGN 16:24-27.
3. Patterson, F.L., and R.G. Shands. 1957. Independent inheritance of four
characters in barley. Agron. J. 49:218-219.
4. Takahashi, R., and J. Hayashi. 1966. Inheritance and linkage studies in
barley. II. Assignment of several new mutant genes to their respective linkage
groups by the trisomic method of analysis. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol.,
Okayama Univ. 13:185-198.
5. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and S. Yasuda. 1957. [Four genes in linkage in
barley, which are inherited independently of the markers in the known seven
linkage groups in barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 45:1-10. [In Japanese.]
6. Takahashi, R., S. Yasuda, J. Yamamoto, and I. Shiojiri. 1953. [Physiology
and genetics of ear emergence in barley and wheat. II. Genic analysis of
growth-habit in two spring barleys.] Nogaku Kenkyu 40:157-168. [In Japanese.]
Prepared:
R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:184 as BGS 158.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:202.
Stock number: BGS 180
Locus name: Single internode dwarf
Locus symbol: sid
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Node-less dwarf = nls (4).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (2, 3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (4), over 13.2 cM distal from the glf3 (glossy
leaf 3) locus (2, 3), and over 29.5 cM proximal from the Kap (hooded
lemma) locus (3, 4).
Description:
The mature plant has several culms, each having only a single elongated
internode, the peduncle (4). Some of the elongated peduncles are much longer
than normal. Plants are relatively weak and partially sterile, and have very
lax spikes. The expression of mutant traits is less extreme in sid1.b
plants, tillers often have two elongated internodes, fertility is better, and
the spike is not as lax.
Origin of mutant:
An X-ray induced mutant in Akashinriki (OUJ659, PI 467400) from Dr Ohta (3).
Mutational events:
sid1.a in Akashinriki (R101, OUX052) (2); sid1.b in (GSHO 2478)
in Birgitta (NSGC 1870) (1).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
sid1.a in Akashinriki (GSHO 2477); sid1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7
(GSHO 2024); sid1.b in Bowman*8 (GSHO 2025).
References:
1. Franckowiak, J.D. 1992. Allelism tests among selected semidwarf barleys. BGN
21:17-23.
2. Hayashi, J., T. Konishi, I. Moriya, and R. Takahashi. 1984. Inheritance and
linkage studies in barley. VI. Ten mutant genes located on chromosomes 1 to 7,
except 3. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 18:227-250.
3. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis
of barley mutants. BGN 5:56-60.
4. Takahashi, R., and I. Moriya. 1973. Two new mutant genes on chromosome 4.
BGN 3:65.
Prepared:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:203.
Stock number: BGS 181
Locus name: Early maturity 9
Locus symbol: eam9
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Early maturity c = ea,,c (3, 4).
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (3).
Located in chromosome 4HL (3), over 17.4 cM distal from the Kap (hooded
lemma) locus, and over 15.6 cM proximal from the glf3 (glossy leaf 3)
locus (4).
Description:
Plants are about 4 weeks earlier under short-day conditions. At Kurashiki,
Japan, maturity and agronomic effects of the eam9.l allele are similar
to those of the photoperiod insensitive gene eam8.k (early maturity 8)
(4, 5). The eam9 is not allelic to several other early maturity genes
which alter photoperiod sensitivity (1).
Origin of mutant:
Natural occurrence in Chinese cultivars from the lower basin of the Yangtze
River (3).
Mutational events:
eam9.l in Tayeh 8 (OUC634) (3); Pao-an-chen 1 (OUC336), Pai-sha-pu 1
(OUC029), Mushin-chiang 3 (Mokusekko 3, OUC627, PI 420938), Yanghsin 2 (OUC327)
(2, 3).
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
eam9.l in Tayeh 8 (GSHO 1732).
References:
1. Gallagher, L.W. (personal communications).
2. Takahashi, R., S. Yasuda, J. Hayashi, T. Fukuyama, I. Moriya, and T.
Konishi. 1983. Catalogue of barley germplasm preserved in Okayama University.
Inst. Agric. Biol. Sci., Okayama Univ., Kurashiki, Japan. 217 p.
3. Yasuda, S. 1978. An earliness gene involved in Chinese native cultivars. BGN
8:127-128.
4. Yasuda, S., and J. Hayashi. 1980. Linkage and effect of the earliness gene
ea,,c, involved in Chinese cultivars, on the yield and yield components
in barley. BGN 10:74-76.
5. Yasuda, S., and J. Hayashi. 1981. [Effects of two kinds of very early genes
on yield and its components in barley.] Nogaku Kenkyu 59:113-124. [In
Japanese.]
Prepared:
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:204.
Stock number: BGS 182
Locus name: Extra floret-a
Locus symbol: flo-a
Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:
Inheritance:
Monofactorial recessive (1, 2).
Location is unknown.
Description:
Extra bracts develop occasionally at the base of the central spikelet on the
abaxial side. Formation of the extra bracts is most common in the central
portion of the spike, but rarely will the bracts form another spikelet.
Origin of mutant:
An ethylene imine induced mutant in Foma (CIho 11333) (2).
Mutational events:
Mutant used for description and seed stocks:
flo-a.1 in Foma (GSHO 1741); flo-a.1 in Bowman (PI 483237)*5
(GSHO 2005).
References:
1. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A
proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv.
Hereditas 62:409-414.
2. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
Prepared:
U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:205.