The following lethal or sub-lethal mutants affecting chloroplast traits in seedlings are kept in Copenhagen.

Among 84 non-lethal mutants, 21 have been localised by diallelic crosses to 5 genes.

Locus clo-f2	14 alleles:	clo-f2 f2, -f22800, -f22807, -f23613, -f2101, f2102, -f2103, -f2105, -f2 107 , -f2108, -f2109,, -f2122, -f2123,, -f2133	Located on chromosome 3S
Locus clo-fc	2 alleles:	clo-fc-fc, clo-fc110	Located on chromosome 1S
Locus clo-f7	1 allele:	clo-f7f7	Located on chromosome 5L
Locus clo-f8	1 allele:	clo-f8f8	Located on chromosome 1L

Genetic backgrounds are as follows:

Other information on stocks:

Three lethal mutants, chlorina 125, 157 and 161 are allelic and show semi-dominance, with an aurea phenotype.

• chlorina-f2 mutants are blocked in the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Leaky alleles are -f¹⁰²,-f¹⁰³,-f¹⁰⁵,-f¹⁰⁷,-f¹⁰⁹,-f¹²²,-f¹²³, and f¹³³
• chlorina-104 is a light- and temperature-sensitive mutant
• chlorina-111 is a viable allele to xantha-l

References:

Simpson, D.J., Machold, O., Høyer-Hansen, G and Wettstein, D. von. 1985. Chlorina mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carlsberg Res. Commun. 50, 223-238.

Knoetzel, J. and Simpson D.1991. Expression and organisation of antenna proteins in the lightand temperature-sensitive barley mutant chlorina-104. Planta 185, 111-123.

Among 122 lethal mutants, 37 have been localised by diallelic crosses to 29 genes.

Markers contained in stocks:

Other information of stocks: albina-f¹⁷ is blocked in the Shibata shift as the result of a lesion in the control of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesis.

Reference:

Oliver, R.P. and Griffiths, T.W. 1984. Chlorophyll synthesis and protochlorophyllide reduction in the barley mutant albina-f⁷ Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49, 675-684.

11 nuclear mutants have been localised by diallelic crosses to 9 genes.

Genetic backgrounds are as follows:

Markers contained in stocks:

These mutants were characterised by vertical green and white/yellow stripes.

Among 78 lethal mutants, 76 have been localised by diallelic crosses to 20 genes.

Genetic backgrounds are as follows:

Markers contained in stocks:

Other informaton on stocks:

• xan-t³⁵ is closely linked to recessive zygotic lethal in repulsion.
• xan-a¹⁰⁴ is closely linked to recessive viable viridis mutant in repulsion.
• The loci xan-f, -g, -h, -l and -u are considered to be structural genes for chlorophyll synthesis.

References:

Wettstein, D. von, Henningsen, K.W., Boynton, J.E. Kannangara, G.C. and Nielsen, O.F. 1971. The genic control of chloroplast development in barley. In: Autonomy and Biogenesis of Mitochondria nd Chroloplasts. (Eds, Boardman, N.K. Linnane, A.W. and Smililie, R.M. (eds). North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 205-223.

Wettstien, D. von, Kahn, A., Nielsen, O.F. and Gough, 5. 1974. Genetic regulaton of chlorophyll synthesis analyzed with mutants in barley. Science 184, 800-802.

Klein, R.R., Gamble, P.E. and Mullet, J.E. 1988. Light-dependent accumulabon of radiolabeled plastid-encoded chlorophyll a-apoproteins requires chlorophyll a. I. Analysis of chlorophyll-deficient mutants and phytochrome involvement. Pl. Physiol. 88, 1246-1256.

48 lethal mutants hwe been localised by diallelic crosses to 36 genes.

Genetic backgrounds are as follows:

Markers contained in stocks:

Other information on stocks:

• vir-a¹³, vir-a⁴¹, vir-b²¹, vir-g¹⁴, vir-i¹⁷, virj¹⁹ and vir-p³⁸ are sub-lethals, which under favorable conditions survive to maturity in homozygous form.
• viridis 100 to 170 are mutants selected for high chlorophyll content and high fluorescence yield.
• viridis zf to zj are homozygous and temperature sensitive, producing pale green seedlings when arown above 20°C.

References:

Wettstein, D. von and Kristiansen, K. 1982. Chloroplast genes: progress report on diallelic crosses between mapped chloroplast genes and chloroplast genes in stock collection at Copenhagen. BGN 12, 94-95.

Simpson, D.J. and Wettstein, D. von 1980. Macromolecular physiology of plastids XIV. Viridis mutants in barley: genetic, fluoroscopic and ultrastructural characterisation. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 45, 283-314.

Hiller, R.G., Møller, B.L. and Høyer-Hansen, G.1980. Characterisation of six putative photosystem I mutants in barley. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 45, 315-328.

27 mutants have been localised by diallelic crosses to 15 genes.

Phenotypes expressed in alternating light and dark periods:

Genetic backgrounds are as follows:

Markers contained in stocks:

The following alleles can be macroscopically semi-dominant in heterozygotes with a wild typeallele:

tig-b¹⁷, tig-b¹⁹, tig-d²³, tig-e²³.

Key to names provisionally used for tigrina mutants in publications:

These mutants, as well as tig-b⁷, tig-b¹⁹ and tig-f¹¹, accumulate an unusual 745 nm (i.e, infrared absorbing) form of chlorophyll a, when grown in the light under certain conditions. The genes tig-b, tig-d, tig-n and tig-o cause abnormally high quantities of progochlorophyllide to accumulate in the dark. These genes are considered to be regulatory genes for chlorophyll synthesis, since their mutation leads to defects in the repression of porphyrin synthesis in the plastids during darkness. A co-dominant action of wild type and mutant alleles on levels of protochlorophyllide synthesis has been observed in heterozygotes for tig-b⁷, tig-b¹⁹, tig-b²³ and tig-d¹².

References:

Wettstein, D. von and Krstiansen, K. 1973. Stock list for nuclear gene mutants affecting the chloroplast. BGN 3, 291-5.

Nielsen, O.F. and Gough, S. 1974. Macromolecular physiology of plastids XI. Carotenes in etiolated tigrina and xantha mutants of barley. Physiol Plant. 30, 246-254.

Nielsen, O.F. 1974. Macromolecular physiology of plastids XII. Tigrina mutants in barley: genetic, spectroscopic and stuctural characterization. Hereditas 76, 269-304.

Søgaard, B and Wettstein-Knowles, P. von. 1987. Barley: genes and chromosomes. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 52, 123-196.

Wettstein-Knowles, P. von. 1991. Cloned and mapped genes: current status. In: Barley: Genetics, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Shewry, P. (ed) CAB Internkional, Oxon, UK. pp. 60-73.