Barley esterase 11 (var. Betzes) and fastest esterase from wheat (var. Chinese spring) had identical electrophoretic mobility and high affinity to a-naphthylacetate. Therefore, these esterases could not be separated in wheat-barley additional stocks and could not identify barley chromosome coding for esterase 11 as well.
Esterase 12, if compared to slowest wheat esterase, had less mobility and a higher affinity to B-naphthylacetate. This isozyme was not found in wheat-barley lines having chromosome 1, 3, 4, 6, or 7 of barley. Chromosome 2 or 5 probably controls esterase 12. Barley varieties had two esterase 12 zymotypes, which are coded by codominant alleles, Estl2Be (Betzes) and Estl2Hi (Himalaya).
Dimeric esterase 11 had three variants which were coded by codominant alleles EstllBo(Bonus), EstllAf (Afgan I), and EstllRs (RS 70-30). The recessive allele estll, which is expressed in homozygotes as a lack of enzyme 11 activity, was found as well. This gene was presented in the varieties Jau Kabutak, Polarny 14, Enisey, Agul, and Tulunsky 283 (Netsvetaev, 1992).
The dominant gene Ble (=Das) was expressed as a blue color endosperm in Hordeum spontaneum (RS 70-30). Translocation analysis showed that this gene derived from var. Cristal (Czechoslovakia) located distally on short (=p) arm of chromosome 3 (Netsvetaev, 1981. Das das were inherited independent of translocations T2-3f and T3-7c, which have breakpoints near centromere and in long arm (=q) of chromosome 3. Recombination values between gene Das (=Ble) and translocations T3-Sf and T3-7d, which have breakpoints in a distal position in short arm (=p) of chromosome 3 were 35.6±17.6% and 27.8±7.1%, respectively.
Recombination values for the Gene Ble from RS 70-30 and with the loci Est4 (Esterase 4), Estl l (Esterase 11), al (albino lemma), f2 (chlorina 2) of chromosome 3 were calculated using F2 data from the cross RS 70-30 × f2+al+n. Results are presented in Table 1. Persson (1969) has found tight linkage between ebul(=al) and T2-3c having a break proximally on chromosome 3.
According to these data, most appropriate genetic map including loci Estll and Ble are shown on Figure 1. The question about the location of Estl2 is open, if data or analysis on additional wheat-barley stocks are taken into consideration.
Netsvetaev, V. P. 1981. (Translocation analysis of quality characters in barley of variety Cristal.) Biologicheskiye aspecty izucheniya i ratseonalnogo ispolzovaniya zhivotnogo i rastitelnogo mira. Riga. "Zinatne". p. 72 (in Russian).
Netsvetaev, V. P. 1992.Identification of the barley leaf esterases 11, 12 and their genetic control. Genetika (Russia) 27:105-119.
Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.