Giemsa C-banding of the chromosomes of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. s.l., has revealed seven specific banding patterns which - in spite of banding pattern polymorphism - identify each of the seven chromosomes unequivocally (Fig. 1; Linde-Laursen, 1981). The banding pattern polymorphism leads to the formation of a large number of different Cbanded karyotypes. This variation differentiates most barley lines and varieties hitherto studied by banding techniques (Linde-Laursen, 1978 a;b; 1982; 1984; 1988; Linde-Laursen et al., 1982; Linde-Laursen and Bothmer, 1984; Konishi and Linde-Laursen, 1988).
Table 1 lists the C-banded karyotypes of 16 barley lines not previously reported. The banding pattern variants of the 16 karyotypes are illustrated in Fig. 1 together with banding pattern variants of Cbanded karyotypes reported elsewhere (Linde-Laursen 1978a;b; 1982; 1984; 1988; Linde-Laursen et al., 1982; Linde-Laursen and Bothmer, 1984; Konishi and Linde-Laursen, 1988). Of the 16 lines, only 'Abed 3371' and 'Tellus' had identical banding patterns. All other karyotypes were differentiated from each other by variation in the banding patterns of one or more chromosomes. One variety, 'Universe', was heteromorphic having plants with one or the other of four different C-banded karyotypes. H. agriocrithon had two karyotypes. The karyotype of 'Inis' was previously observed in the varieties 'Pallas, 'Maja', and 'Bonus Elit A' and that of 'Nery Sejet' in 'Kenia' (Linde-Laursen et al., 1982). Except for the presence of bands at the nucleolar constrictions, the C-banded karyotype of 'Carina' corresponded with that previously reported by Georgiou et al. (1986).
The three lines of Table 2 were previously reported to have only one C-banded karyotype (Linde-Laursen et al. 1982). However, C-banding of more material has established that they, like Universe and a number of other lines (Linde-Laursen, 1982; 1988; Linde-laursen et al., 1982), are heteromorphic comprising plants with one or the other of two different C-banded karyotypes.
Meaningful comparisons of the C-banded karyotypes of the lines reported in Tables 1 and 2 with those of some of their ancestors could only be done for Inis, Nery Sejet, Tellus, Universe (Table 1), 'Haisa II', and 'Vada' (Table 2). The comparisons showed agreement with the reported C-banded karyotypes of the ancestors except for the line of Vada that had banding variant 5A instead of the previously reported 5C (Linde-Laursen et al., 1982). 5A has not been identified in Vada's parents 'Gull' and H. distichum var. laevigatum. However, Gull is (this report), and H. distichum var. laevigatum was probably originally heteromorphic for C-band variants (Linde-Laursen et al., 1982). In Tellus, banding variant 6B was not observed in its C-banded ancestors, 'Balder', 'Binder', and 'Opal'. However, it may be present in the ancestor 'Strengs Franken III' or may have been present in, e.g. Opal. Thus, Opal's sister line Maja carries 6B (Linde-Laursen et al., 1982).
References:
Georgiou, A., He, Coucoli, D. Roupakias, and S. Karataglis. 1986. Giemsa C-banding karyotype identification of two Hordeum vulgare cultivars and one Agropyron species grown in Greece. Wheat Inf. Serv. 61/62:9-13.
Konishi, T., and I. Linde-Laursen. 1988. Spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements in cultivated and wild barleys. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:237-243.
Linde-Laursen, I. 1978a. Giemsa C-banding of barley chromosomes. I. Banding pattern polymorphism. Hereditas 88:55-64.
Linde-Laursen, I. 1978b. Banding of barley chromosomes. BGN 8:74-76.
Linde-Laursen, I. 1981. Giemsa banding patterns of the chromosomes of cultivated and wild barleys. Barley Genetics IV: 786-795.
Linde-Laursen, I. 1982. Supplementary list of Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of 2- and 6-rowed barley. BGN 12:63-65.
Linde-Laursen, I. 1984. Giemsa C-banding of barley chromosomes. IV. Chromosomal constitution of autotetraploid barley. Hereditas 100:219-223.
Linde-Laursen, I. 1988. Giemsa C-banding of barley chromosomes. VI. Localization of breakpoints in 70 reciprocal translocations. Hereditas 108:65-76.
Linde-Laursen, I., and R. von Bothmer. 1984. Somatic cell cytology of the chromosome-eliminating, intergeneric hybrid Hordeum vulgare × Psatherostachys fragilis. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 26:436-444.
Linde-Laursen, I., H. Doll, and G. Nielsen. 1982. Giemsa C-banding patterns and some biochemical markers in a pedigree of European barley. Z. Pflanzenzucht. 88:191-219.
