Table 1. Spring durum cultivars released in the Russian Federation between 1929 and 2003. Abbreviations for Breeding Institutes include ARI = Agricultural Research Institute, AU = Agricultural University, BS = Breeding Station, GRI = Grain Research Institute, RICP = Research Institute of Plant Production; and - = origin unknown. Regions include 1 = Northern, 2 = Northwestern, 3 = Central, 4 = Volga-Vyatka, 5 = Central Chernozem, 6 = North Caucasus, 7 = Middle Volga, 8 = Lower Volga, 9 = Ural, 10 = Western Siberia, 11 = Eastern Siberia, and 12 = Far East.
 Cultivar Name  Years of cultivation  Breeding Institute  Region
 Hordeiforme 10  1929-66  Siberian ARI  5, 6, 9, 10
 Hordeiforme 189  1929-66  Krasnyj Kut BS  7, 9
 Melanopus 69  1929-71  Krasnyj Kut BS  5, 6, 7, 8, 9
 Hordeiforme 432  1929-76  South-East ARI  8
 Hordeiforme 27  1933-58  Krasnodar ARI  6
 Chaltyrka  1938-39  Don Breeding Centre  6
 Samarka  1938-44  --  6
 Garnovka Kurskaya  1939-48  --  5
 Turka  1939-54  --  5
 Donskaya Garnovka 672  1942-62  Don Breeding Centre  6
 Hordeiforme 1404  1946-62  Volga ARI  7
 Palestinka 6  1947-56  --  6
 Hordeiforme 496  1947-61  Gorkij BS  4, 7
 Arnautka Nemerchanskaya  1947-71  Nemerchanskaya BS  4
 Narodnaya  1947-78  Ukrainian RICP  5, 7, 9
 Hordeiforme 4  1948-61  Centr. Chernoz. ARI  7
 Leucurum 33  1948-68  Samara ARI  6, 7
 Melanopus 1932  1950-70  Krasnyj Kut BS  8
 Chakinskaya 226  1951-71  Tambov BS  5
 Kubanka 3  1953-71  Krasnodar ARI  6
 Krasnokutka  1954-59  Krasnyj Kut BS  8
 Hordeiforme 5695  1954-73  South-East ARI  8
 Rostovskaya 25  1955-62  Don Breeding Centre  6
 Krasnodarskaya 362  1955-89  Krasnodar ARI  6
 Chelyabinskaya  1956-65  Chelyabinsk ARI  9
 Melanopus 26  1956-86  Krasnyj Kut BS  8, 9
 Kharkovskaya 46  From 1957  Ukrainian RICP  5-11 (now 7, 9)
 Chernokoloska 1  1960-64  Siberian ARI  10
 Raketa  1962-73  Krasnoyarsk ARI  11
 Bezenchukskaya 102  1963-67  Samara ARI  7
 Bezenchukskaya 105  1965-70  Samara ARI  7
 Melanopus 7  1972-85  Krasnodar ARI  6
 Zernigradskaya 39  1973-83  Don Breeding Centre  8
 Saratovskaya 40  1974-93  South-East ARI  8
 Krasnokutka 6  From 1974  Krasnyj Kut BS  8
 Leucurum 43  1975-78  South-East ARI  8
 Saratovskaya 41  1975-82  South-East ARI  7
 Almaz  1979-96  Siberian ARI  10
 Altajka  1980-2000  Altaj ARI  10,11
 Bezenchukskaya 139  From 1980  Samara ARI  5, 7, 8, 9
 Bashkirskaya 17  1982-84  Bashkirian ARI  9
 Orenburgskaya 2  From 1982  Orenburg ARI  6, 9
 Kharkovskaya 3  1983-99  Ukrainian RICP  8
 Luganskaya 7  From 1985  Lugansk BS  5
 Svetlana  From 1987  Centr. Chernoz. ARI  5, 8, 9
 Orenburgskaya 10  From 1989  Orenburg ARI  5, 7, 9, 10
 Saratovskaya 57  From 1989  South-East ARI  8
 Persianovskaya 115  1990-2000  Don AU  6
 Kharkovskaya 17  1990-2000  Ukrainian RICP  6
 Hordeiforme 53  1990-present  Altaj ARI  10
 Altajskaya Niva  1991-present  Altaj ARI  10
 Kollektivnaya 2  1991-present  Ukrainian RICP  9
 Omskij Rubin  1991-present  Siberian ARI  7, 10
 Saratovskaya 59  1992-present  South-East ARI  8
 Kharkovskaya 21  1993-2000  Ukrainian RICP  5
 Bezenchukskaya 182  1993-present  Samara ARI  7, 8, 9, 12
 Voronezhskaya 7  1993-present  Centr. Chernoz. ARI  5, 7
 Krasnokutka 10  1993-present  Krasnyj Kut BS  5, 7, 8, 9
 Novodonskaya  1993-present  North Donets BS  6
 Saratovskaya Zolotistaya  1993-present  South-East ARI  8, 9, 10
 SID 88  1993-present  Kustanaj ARI  9
 Bezenchukskij Yantar  1995-present  Samara ARI  9
 Damsinskaya 90  1995-present  Kazakhstan GRI  9
 Lyudmila  1995-present  South-East ARI  8
 Kharkovskaya 23  1995-present  Ukrainian RICP  5, 6, 8, 9
 Zarnitsa Altaya  1996-present  Altaj ARI  10
 Angel  1997-present  Siberian ARI  10, 11
 Valentina  1998-present  South-East ARI  8
 Step 3  1998-present  Centr. Chernoz. ARI  5, 7, 9, 11
 Omskaya Yantarnaya  1999-present  Siberian ARI  10
 Nik  2000-present  South-East ARI  8
 Altajskij Yantar  2001-present  Altaj ARI  10
 Bezenchukskaya 200  2001-present  Samara ARI  7
 Voronezhskaya 9  2001-present  Centr. Chernoz. ARI  10
 Elizavetinskaya  2002-present  South-East ARI  8
 Volnodonskaya  2003-present  North Donets BS  6, 8
 Zolotaya Volna  2003-present  South-East ARI  8
 Omskij Korund  2003-present  Siberian ARI  10
 Orenburgskaya 21  2003-present  Orenburg ARI  9