S.C.A.-AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STATION
Turda, 3350, str. Agriculturii 27 Jud Cluj, Romania.
V. Moldovan, Maria Moldovan, and Rozalia Kadar.
Dumbrava HRWW was developed by the Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda and was released in 2003 for its superior combination of high yield and enhanced bread-making quality. Dumbrava was selected from the cross '603106/Flamura 85//2416W2-12/Fundulea 4' using a pedigree-selection method. The single crosses '603106/Flamura 85' and '2416W2-12/Fundulea 4' were made in 1990; the final double cross was made in 1991. According to our breeding procedure (Ann Wheat Newslet 48:113-115), the F1 through F2 generation were grown as bulks with assessment for agronomic types and diseases resistance. Individual heads from desirable F2 plants were selected and planted as headrows in a nursery in 1993. Following subsequent reselection for uniformity, the resulting agronomically desirable, F4-derived lines were evaluated in a preliminary unreplicated nursery in 1996. Thus, Dumbrava is an F4-derived line that was tested for yield and other agronomic traits at our research station yield trials from 1997 through 1999 under the designation T95-97.
T95-97 was advanced to the Official Yield Trials at the State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration (ISTIS) in the autumn of 1999. After 3 years of evaluation (2000-02) at eight locations (24 location-years trials), the lines was registered as Dumbrava and released to growers for its good yield performance and broad adaptation to Transilvania environments and improved bread-making quality.
Dumbrava is an awned, semidwarf wheat. Juvenile growth is semierect. The foliage is green at the boot stage with a waxy bloom at anthesis. Plant height (74-92 cm) is similar to that of Fundulea 4, and 5-10 cm shorter than those of Apullum and Ariesan. Spikes are awned and middense with white glumes that are glabrous, midlong, and midwide. Kernels are red and ovate, with midsized germ; the kernel crease is midwide and middeep, with rounded cheeks. The kernel size is quite large; 1,000-kernel weight is 46-50 g and has a quite good test weight (volume weight is 74-76 kg/hectoliter).
Dumbrava is medium-late in maturity, similar to Fundulea 4 and Apullum. The winter hardiness of Dumbrava is adequate for most Transilvanian growing conditions. The cultivar has excellent straw strength, which confers good lodging resistance.
The cultiver Dumbrava is moderately resistant to yellow rust and powdery mildew, but is moderately susceptible to leaf rust. Based on artificial inoculations, Dumbrava exhibited improved resistance to FHB.
Dumbrava has shown good yield performance in most of the official test sites (ISTIS). Averaged over 3 years (2000-02) and eight locations (24 location-years), Dumbrava did not differ widely in grain yield from the highest yielding entry of the trials. Grain yield (5,832 kg/ha) was 2 % higher than that of Fundulea 4 and 7 % higher than that of Apullum. The maximum grain yield of Dumbrava (8,751 kg/ha) was obtained at the Center for Testing Varieties (CTS) Satu-Mare, in 2002. Yield stability of Dumbrava is similar to those of Fundulea 4 and Apullum.
Bread-making quality was evaluated by the ISTIS-Wheat Quality Laboratory in Bucharest. Based on 2 years (2000 and 2001) of data at five locations, Dumbrava meets domestic quality criteria for high-quality bread floor production. Compared with the quality check cultivar Apullum, Dumbrava is equal to or slightly higher in grain and flour protein content. Gluten characteristics are associated with higher SDS volume (Zeleny test). The farinographic index showed excellent dough properties (water absorption, swelling time, constancy, and elasticity) that permitted classification of Dumbrava to the B1-A2 quality wheat.
Breeder and foundation seed of Dumbrava, will be maintained by the Agricultural Research & Development Station, Turda.