ITEMS FROM GERMANY

 

INSTITUT FÜR PFLANZENGENETIK UND KULTURPFLANZENFORSCHUNG (IPK)

Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.

 

E.K. Khlestkina, A. Strich, M.S. Röder, and A. Börner.

 

Stem reserve mobilization. [p. 50]

For grain filling, the mobilization of stored stem reserves as carbohydrate source becomes important when photosynthesis in leaves and ears is inhibited by drought or disease. One method for studying the ability of using stem reserves for grain filling is the chemical desiccation of plant canopies. In order to study the genetic variation for stem reserve mobilization, a selection of 10 spring and 10 winter wheats were grown in the greenhouse and/or in the field. Two weeks after anthesis, the canopies were sprayed with potassium iodide (0.4 %). After harvest, the 1,000-kernel weight of the treated plants was compared with that of untreated controls in order to calculate the rate of reduction in grain weight caused by the treatment. The highest rate of reduction was found for the variety Spark, whereas low percentages were observed for a landrace collected in Pakistan and for two synthetic wheats.

 

Geographical distribution of red coleoptile color genes. [p. 50]

Anthocyanin pigmentation of the coleoptiles is determined by three major genes located on the homoeologous group-7 chromosomes. By using wheat microsatellite markers, the three genes were mapped in the centromere region on the short arms of chromosomes 7A, 7B, and 7D. To get some information about the geographical distribution of wheats having red coleoptiles, 468 mainly European wheats have been evaluated. Seeds were placed on filter paper and kept for 36 hours at 4oC to synchronize germination. The color of the coleoptiles was scored after that the temperature was increased to 15oC and after 5­8 days growing at a photoperiod of 14 h light/10 h darkness. The results are given in Table 1. Nearly 60 % (273) of all tested varieties were found to have uncolored coleoptiles, whereas 23 % (107) were red and 6 % (26) were dark red in the wheat genotypes tested. The remaining 62 varieties (13 %) were heterozygous. Interestingly, the frequency of varieties having red-colored coleoptiles was lower for varieties from in southern and eastern Europe as compared with those from the western European countries. The highest percentage of varieties with red-colored coleoptiles was found in the United Kingdom (62 %), followed by France (38 %) and Germany (28 %). High frequencies of heterozygous varieties were discovered in Ukraine (25 %) and France (23 %).

Table 1. Coleoptile color of 486 wheat varieties mainly originating in Europe. The varieties are listed in alphabetical order (--- not colored; + red; ++ dark red; and +/--, ++/-- segregating).
 Variety Country of origin or release  Coleoptile color  Variety Country of origin or release Coleoptile color
 Abrego  Spain ---  Mermaid  UK +
 Abuelo  Spain +/--  Messager  France  ---
 Achat  Austria ---  Michael  Austria  ---
 Acheloos  Greece +/--  Mieti  Italy  ---
 Acheron  Greece ---  Mikon  Germany  +
 Acril  France  +/--  Milica  Yugoslavia  ---
 Agent  Germany  ---  Mina  Yugoslavia  +/--
 Agron  Austria  +/+  Mirjana  Yugoslavia  ---
 Aiges  Greece  ---  Mironovskaya 808  Ukraine  +
 Aio  Greece  ---  Mobil  Germany  ---
 Akakomugi  Japan  ---  Mol  Italy  ---
 Alcedo  Germany  ---  Mulero  Spain  ---
 Alfios  Greece  ---  Munk  Germany  +
 Alidos  Germany  ---  Nandu  Germany  +/--
 Alliage  France  +  Nation  France  ---
 Altria  France  +  Naxos  Germany  ---
 Alva  Portugal  ---  Nestos  Greece  ---
 Alveor  France  ---  Nevesinjka  Yugoslavia  ---
 Amadeus  Austria  ---  Niovi  Greece  ++
 Amarok  France  +  Nisu  Finland  ---
 Amazonas  Portugal  ---  No­100­10  Bulgaria  ++
 Andros  Germany  +/--  No­285­17  Bulgaria  ---
 Anemos  Germany  +/--  No­301  Bulgaria  ---
 Antica  France  +/--  No­457­3  Bulgaria  ---
 Arachthos  Greece  ---  No­5626­5­2  Bulgaria  ---
 Arbon  France  +  No­5631­3  Bulgaria  ---
 Ares  Germany  +/--  No­6653­8  Bulgaria  +/--
 Argento  Spain  ---  No­7039­3  Bulgaria  ---
 Ariete 97  Italy  ---  Nobel  Italy  ---
 Arina  Switzerland  ---  NS 14/93  Yugoslavia  ---
 Aristos  Germany  ---  NS 24/93  Yugoslavia  ---
 Aron  Germany  +  NS 36/91  Yugoslavia  ---
 Arpain  France  ---  NS 45A/93  Yugoslavia  ---
 Arpege  France  ---  NS 73/92  Yugoslavia  ---
 Artus  Austria  +  NSJP 307  Yugoslavia  ---
 Arty  Italy  +  Obradovka  Yugoslavia  ---
 Asoros  Spain  ---  Oderzo  Italy  ---
 Astron  Germany  ---  Odesskaya 3  Ukraine  ++/--
 Atalante  France  ---  Odesskaya 16  Ukraine  ++
Atay 85   Turkey  ---  Odesskaya 51  Ukraine  ++/--
 Athlet  Germany  +  Odesskaya 75  Ukraine  --
 Atlantis  Germany  ---  Odesskaya 117  Ukraine  ++
 Atoll  France  +  Odesskaya Redspike  Ukraine  ---
 Audace  France  ---  Odesskaya Semidwar  Ukraine  ---
 Axios  Greece  ---  Ogosta  Bulgaria  ---
 Babui  Spain  ---  Ohio  Germany  ---
 Bajka  Yugoslavia  ---  Olviya  Ukraine  ---
 Baldus  Netherlands  ---  Optimus  Austria  ---
 Balthazar  Belgium  +/--  Oracle  France  +/--
 Bancal  Spain  --  Oratorio  France  +/--
 Banker  UK  +  Orestis  Germany  +
 Bardalo  Spain  +  Original  France  +
 Barra  Italy  ---  Orkis  France  ---
 Batis  Germany  +/--  Ormil  France  +
 BDME 94­1  Turkey  ---  Ornicar  France  ---
 Beaufort  UK  +  Orpeal France  +/--
 Beaver  UK  +/--  Orso  Greece  ---
 Belisar  Germany  ---  Ouragan  France  ---
 Belmondo  Austria  ---  Paindor  France  +
 Bercy  Netherlands  ---  Pajero  Belgium  +
 Bersee  France  +  Palandocen 97  Turkey  ---
 Bezostaya 1  Russia  +/--  Pandas  Italy  ++/--
 Bilancia  Italy  ---  Paradis  France  +/--
 Blaze  UK  +  Parro  Spain --- 
 Blizard  France  +/--  Partizanka  Yugoslavia  +
 Boldor  France  +/--  Paulliac  France  +/--
 Bonpain  France  ---  Pegassos  Germany  ---
 Borneo  Germany  ---  Peresvet  Ukraine  ---
 Bourbon  France  +  Perlo  Austria  ---
 Brigadier  UK  +  Pesma  Yugoslavia  ---
 Brigantina 96  Ukraine  ---  Piko  Germany  +/--
 Brokat  Austria  ---  Pinios  Greece  ---
 Brutus  Austria  ++  Koga II  Germany  ---
 Burevestnik Ukraine  +/--  Kolibri  Germany  ---
 Bussard  Germany  ---  Kontrast  Germany  ---
 Buster  UK  +  Korsika  Austria  +
 Caesar  Germany  ++  Kosack  Sweden  ---
 Calodine  Italy  ---  Krakatoa  UK  +
 Campus Germany  +  Krapets  Bulgaria  ---
 Canari  Netherlands  +  Kremena  Bulgaria  ---
 Cantata  UK  +  Kremna  Yugoslavia  ---
 Capo  Austria  ---  Kristall  Germany  ---
 Caprimus  Germany  +  Kultuk 94/1  Turkey  ---
 Cardos  Germany  ---  Kyveli  Greece  ++
 Carmen  Romania  ---  Lampo  Italy  ---
 Casero  Spain  ---  Lancer  Netherlands  ---
 Castan  Greece  ---  Lavett  UK  +/--
 Catamaran  France  +  Legant  Belgium  +/--
 Caxton  UK  +  Legion  France  +/--
 Centauro  Greece  +  Leguan  Austria  ---
 Cezanne  France  +  Leopold  Austria  ---
 Charger  UK  ---  Leto  Greece  ++
 Charly  France  +  Levis  Switzerland  ---
 Charodejka  Bulgaria  ---  Libero  Italy  ---
 Chervona  Ukraine  ---  Libra  Italy  +
 Chianti  France  +  Lira  Yugoslavia  +
 Chinese Spring  China  ---  Livius  Austria  ---
 Clan  Germany  +  Pistou  Italy  ---
 Claudius  Austria  +  Pizol  Switzerland  ---
 Club  Germany  ---  Pliska  Bulgaria  ---
 Compass  Austria  ---  Pokal  Austria  ---
 Complet  Germany  ---  Portal  Germany  ---
 Consort  UK  ---  Poseidon  Belgium  +/--
 Contur  Germany  +  Priboi  Ukraine  ---
 Convent  Germany +  Prima  Yugoslavia  +
 Corano  Germany  +  Primoasi  Italy  +
 Corbeil  Belgium  ---  Prinqual  France  ---
 Corsaire  France  +  Profit  Austria  +
 Cortex  Spain  ---  Promessa  Netherlands  +/--
 Courort  France  ---  Prometei  Ukraine  ++
 Cristo  France  +  Prostor  Bulgaria  ---
 Criterium  France  +  Pryaspa  Bulgaria  ---
 Crofter  UK  +  Ralle  Germany  ---
 Crousty  France  ---  Ramiro  Germany  ---
 Dada  Greece ++   Rana­Niska  Yugoslavia  ---
 Dagdas 94  Turkey  ---  Rapor  France  +
Dakota   Germany  +/--  Record  Germany  ---
 Danis  Switzerland  ---  Regain  France  ---
 Dinghy  France  +/--  Regent  Austria  ---
 Dio  Greece  ---  Remus  Germany  +
Dioni   Greece  ++  Renan  Austria  ---
 Dodoni  Greece  ---  Requiem  Bulgaria  ---
 Dominus  Austria  +  Residence  Netherlands  +
 Donau  Austria  +/--  Resulton  Spain  ---
 Dorico Italy  +  Rialto  France  +/--
 Drake  UK  +  Rialto  UK  +/--
 Druzhba 1  Ukraine  ++/--  Riband  UK  ---
 Dynamo  UK  +/--  Ritmo  Netherlands  +/--
 Ebi Germany   +/--  Romulus  Austria  ---
 Eduardo  Spain  ---  Rubin  Bulgaria  ++
 Ekati  Greece  ++  Runal  Switzerland  +/--
 Elastic  Spain  ---  Rusalka  Bulgaria  ---
 Enesco  France  ---  Sadovo 1  Bulgaria  ---
 Erato  Greece  ++  Sagittario  Italy  ---
 Erebus  France  +/--  Salgemma  Italy  ---
 Eridano  Italy  +  Sarina Netherlands  +
 Erla­Kolben  Austria  ---  Savannah  UK  +
 Erwin  Austria  ---  Selcuclu 97  Turkey  ++
 ES 14  Turkey  ---  Selpek  Germany  ---
 Estica  France  ---  Semo  Italy  ---
 Estica  Netherlands  ---  Semper  Netherlands  ++
 Etecho  France  ---  Sever  Portugal  ---
 Evropa 90  Yugoslavia  +  Shango  UK  ---
 Exquisite  Austria  ---  Shango  France  ---
 Extrem  Austria  ---  Sibilla  Italy  ---
 Faedra  Greece  ++  Sicco  Netherlands  ---
 Fakon  Germany  +/--  Sideral  France  ---
 Faktor  Germany  +  Sidney  Austria + 
 Falstaff  UK  +  Siete cerros  Greece  ---
 Famulus  Austria +/--   Silvius  Austria  +
 Farak  Spain  ---  Sinvalocho  Argentina --- 
 Fasan Germany  +   Skipper  France  ---
 Favorit Austria   ---  Slavija  Yugoslovia  +/--
 Favorit  Romania  ++  Slavyanka 196  Bulgaria  ---
 Ferdinand  Austria  ---  Slejpner  UK  +
 Festa  Italy  ---  Somme  France  +
 Fiorello  Italy  ---  Soprano  UK  ---
 Fitti  Netherlands  ---  Spada  Greece  ---
 Flair  Germany  ---  Spartakus  Austria  ---
 Fleche­d­or  France  ---  Sperber  Germany  +/--
 Florian  Austria  ---  Sponsor  France  +/--
 Florida  Germany  +  Star  Germany  ---
 Florio  France  +/--  Starke  Sweden  ---
 Folio  UK  +/--  Stroika  Italy  ---
 Fregat  Germany  ---  Strymonas  Greece  ---
 Furio  France  ---  Suezen 97  Turkey  ---
 Futur  Germany  +  Sultan  Turkey  ---
 Gaspard  France  +  Supral  France  +/--
 Gemini  Greece  ---  Surco  Spain  ---
 Generoso  Greece  ---  Synthetic  USA  ++
 Genesis  UK  +  Taber  Spain  ++
 Genesis  France  +  Tambor  Germany  ---
 Genio  Italy  ---  Tarso  Germany  ---
 Georg  Austria  ---  Thasos  Germany  ---
 Gerek 79  Turkey  ---  Thisvi  Greece  ++
 Glennson  Mexico  ---  Thyamis  Greece  ---
 Golia  Turkey  ---  Tilburi  France  +
 Golin  Austria  ---  Tiller  UK  ---
 Gorgona  Greece  ---  Tinos  Germany  ---
 Grana  Poland  ++  Titlis  Switzerland  ---
 Greif  Germany  ---  Titus  Austria  ---
 Greina  Switzerland  ---  Toronit  Switzerland  ---
 Grenier  France  ---  Toronto  Germany  +
 Gun 91  Turkey  ---  Tower  Netherlands  +
 Habicht  Germany  +  Trakia  Bulgaria  ---
 Hans  Austria  +  Transit  Germany  +/--
 Hanseat  UK  ---  Tremie  France  +
 Harrier  UK  +/--  Tremie  Italy  +
 Haven  UK  +  Tribor  France  ---
 Hays 2  Yugoslavia  ---  Tribun  France  +
 Heiduck  Austria  ---  Triso  Germany  ---
 Hereward  UK  +  Troll  UK  +
 Herzog  Germany  ---  Urbion  Spain  ---
 Highbury  UK  ---  Vaiolet 97  Italy  ---
 Holdfast  UK  ---  Vallerosa  Italy  ---
Hope   USA  +  Valois  France  +
 Horzal  Spain  ---  Veda  Italy  ---
 HSP 51  Yugoslavia  ---  Vergina  Greece  ---
 Hugin  Sweden  +  Versailles  Netherlands  +/--
 Hunter  UK  +  Victo  France  +
Hussar  UK  +  Victo  Austria  +
 Ibis  Germany  ---  Vienoy  France  ---
 Icizce 96  Turkey  ---  Villanova  Italy  +
 Idice  Italy  ---  Virlor  France  +
 Ikarus  Austria  +  Vrito  Greece  ++
 Irnerio  Greece  +  Vronti  Greece  ++
 Isengrain  France  +  Weston  UK  +
 Jivago  France  +/--  Windsor  Germany  +
 Josef  Austria  ---  Winni  Germany  ---
 Jovin France  ---  Xenia  Greece  ---
 Julius  Austria  ---  Yantar  Bulgaria  ---
 Junior  France  ---  Yasen  Bulgaria  +/--
 Justus  Austria  +  Yecora 'E'  Greece  ---
 Juventus  Austria  + Yugoslavia   Yugoslavia  +/--
 Kadett  Austria  ---  Zagore  Bulgaria  ---
 Kaerntner Frueher  Austria  ---  Zarco  Spain  ---
 Kaloyan  Bulgaria  ---  Zena  Italy  ---
 Kardam  Bulgaria  ---  Zentos Germany   ---

 

Publications.