GIFU UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Agriculture, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 Japan.
Near-isogenic lines of genes from the Chinese land races Triticum petropavlovskyi and Triticum tibetanum.
N. Watanabe.
The gene for long glume from T. petropavlovskyi was introduced into the durum wheat cultivar LD222 and the Russian spring-type hexaploid cultivar Novosibirskaya 67 to develop NILs. The chromosome number of the BC2 plants of the cross 'T. petropavlovskyi / LD222', which has the long glume gene, was 28. The gene for long glumes from T. petropavlovaskyi most likely is located on an A- or B-genome chromosome. The BC2 plants were crossed with the long-glume NILs 'LD222*11 / T. polonicum' and 'LD222*11 / T. ispahanicum' to check their allelic relationships. The line 'LD222*11 / T. ispahanicum' was crossed with Novosibirskaya 67 to incorporate the gene into this cultivar.
The gene for fragile rachis from T. tibetanum, which is located on 3DS, also has been crossed with Novosibirskaya 67 for the development of NILs.
Publications.
Araki E, Miura H, Watanabe N, and Sawada S. 1998. Variation for amylose content in wheat cultivars carrying different null alleles at the Wx loci. Res Bull Obihiro Univ, Nat Sci 21:9-15.
Watanabe N. 1998. Alternative long glume gene in tetraploid wheat. In: Proc 9th Inter Wheat Genet Symp (Slinkard AE ed). University Extension Press, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 2:369-371.
Watanabe N. 1998. A method to distinguish leaf colour variation in Syrian barley. J Genet Breed 52:(In press).
Watanabe N. 1999. Reduced antenna size of photosystem II in cereals for high light environments. In: Proc XIth Inter Cong on Photosynthesis (In press).
Watanabe N. 1999. Genetic control of the long glume phenotype in tetraploid wheat by homoeologous chromosomes. Euphytica (In press).
Watanabe N, Kobayashi S, and Furuta Y. 1997. Effect of genome and ploidy on photosynthesis in wheat. Euphytica 94:303-309.
Watanabe N and Miura H. 1997. P gene effects on the starch pasting property of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Cereal Res Commun 25:963-968.
Watanabe N and Miura H. 1998. Diversity of amylose content in Triticum durum and wheat. In: Proc 9th Inter Wheat Genet Symp (Slinkard AE ed). University Extension Press, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 2:369-371.
Watanabe N and Miura H. 1998. Diversity of amylose content in Triticum durum and Aegilops tauschii. In: Proc 9th Inter Wheat Genet Symp (Slinkard AE ed). University Extension Press, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 4:291-293.
Watanabe N and Nakada E. 1999. Seasonal variation of leaf colour in Syrian barley and its association with photosynthetic rate. Cereal Res Commun (In Press).
Watanabe N, Noda Y, Goto N, and Miura H. 1998. Variation for apparent amylose content of endosperm starch in Triticum durum and Aegilops squarrosa. Euphytica 101:283-286.
Watanabe N, Yotani Y, and Anada M. 1998. Inheritance and the effect of a gene for long glume, a key character for taxonomy. In: Triticeae III (Jaradat AA ed). Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH, USA. Pp. 103-108.
TOHOKU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan.
H. Nakamura.
The HMW-glutenin subunit compositions of Japanese-grown wheat varieties and their relationship with bread-making quality.
The composition of the HMW-glutenin subunits is useful for variety identification. Japanese varieties can be divided into 17 groups based on this parameter. The HMW-glutenin subunit compositions of Japanese-grown wheat varieties and their relationship with bread-making quality was studied.
The frequency of the 145 kD subunit is correlated with flour quality in Japan and has been shown to be quite high in Japanese varieties (Nakamura et al. 1990a). The high frequency of the Glu-D1f allele (46 out of 131 varieties) is a characteristic that is apparently unique to Japanese varieties. A survey of 300 varieties from throughout the world showed that only a few possess this allele. Wheat lines of ideal Japanese noodle-making quality are preferred in Japan. Lines with a high noodle-making quality (soft wheats; not hard or semihard) most often are used in southern Japan. Thus, the frequency of the 145 kD subunit in Japanese wheats is particularly high in southern Japan, but quite low in varieties from the northern areas (Hokkaido and Tohoku district area) (Nakamura et al. 1990a). The HMW-subunits of glutenin have different properties than other smaller and more abundant subunits. Thus, allelic variation in HMW-glutenin subunits of Japanese varieties is a matter of considerable importance. The abundant production of a variety with the 145 kD subunit in southern Japan may possibly be due to its adaptation to the Japanese climate.
Subunits 5+10 are seen more frequently in European than Japanese wheat varieties, possibly owing to the correlation with good bread-making quality, though this is not the case in Japan. The average Glu-1 quality scores of Japanese wheats are less than those of known quality wheats from Europe, Australia, Canada, and the U.S. The Glu-1 quality scores were not particularly high for most of the Japanese wheats. In the Hokkaido breeding area, varieties introduced from the U.S. have improved the bread-making quality of varieties. Ten HMW-glutenin subunit compositions were observed in 13 varieties bred in the Hokkaido breeding area, and two varieties (Norin 35 and Haruhikari, bred in Hokkaido district) had subunits 5+10 related to good bread-making quality in Japan.
Research on the contribution of wheat flour components to noodle quality indicates proteins to be of primary importance in this regard, and quantitative and qualitative aspects should be considered in explaining variation in the quality of noodles made from different wheats. The composition of HMW-glutenin subunits in Japanese hexaploid wheats is very different from that of varieties throughout the world, according to Nakamura et al. (1990a, 1990b). The frequency of the 145 kD subunit corresponding to the 2.2 band in the Japanese hexaploid wheats also is quite different from that of other varieties throughout the world (Nakamura et al. 1999). The results of this study indicate that the Japanese hexaploid wheats do not to vary widely in HMW-glutenin subunit groups, though unique HMW-glutenin subunit combinations have been observed in some cases. The frequency of subunits in relation to good bread-making quality such as 5+10 is less than in European hexaploid wheats. This matter may be of interest to wheat breeders who consider HMW-glutenin subunit composition when breeding crossing lines of good quality.
Publications.
Nakamura H, et al. 1990a. A high molecular weight subunit of wheat
glutenin seed storage protein correlates with its flour quality.
Japan J Breed 40:485-494.
Nakamura H, et al. 1990b. Geographical variation of glutenin subunit composition of seed storage proteins in wheat cultivars. Japan J Breed 40 (Suppl. 2):220-221.
Nakamura H, et al. 1996. Differences in the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of seed storage protein between Japanese and Chinese wheats. Japan J Breed 46(Suppl. 1):194.
Nakamura H, et al. 1999. Allelic variation in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit loci of Glu-1 in Japanese hexaploid wheats. Euphytica (submitted).