NEW YORK
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Ithaca, NY.
M. E. Sorrells
1996 winter wheat production.
The 1996 SWWW crop for New York was 150,000 acres, above average
for the state. Yield was estimated to be 43 bu/A, down 12 bu/A from 1995.
The temperature was cooler than normal in 1996. Precipitation for April
and May was double the normal amount. Acreage reports are not yet available
for the 1997-98 crop.
Soft white winter wheat.
Cayuga, Batavia, Harus, Geneva, and Pioneer Brand 2737W are SWWW cultivars
currently recommended to New York farmers. Caledonia (reselection of Geneva)
has been approved for release. This line has shown exceptionally high yield
for the past 5 years. Although it was found in a Foundation seed field of
Geneva, it is much shorter and has white instead of bronze chaff.
Soft red winter wheat.
Soft red cultivars that are performing well in New York State trials include Mendon and Pioneer Brands 2545 and 2510. The SRWW market class continues to gain in popularity, especially following years with considerable damage from preharvest sprouting in the white wheats. We have tested our soft red entries for sprout resistance for 2 years. Those entries showing above average sprouting damage were Cardinal and Casey. Presto triticale also showed more damage than most reds. Our fee testing program for private varieties includes four locations, and the fee is $200 per entry.
Comparative mapping.
Our research program currently is directed towards utilizing comparative
genetics to locate genes that have been characterized in other grass species.
Targets include wheat homologues for maize vivipary mutants, polyphenol
oxidase, and lipoxygenase.
Spindle streak mosaic virus resistance.
In collaboration with Dr. G. Bergstrom, we developed a recombinant inbred
population from the cross 'Geneva / Augusta' for the purpose of mapping
resistance to WSSMV. We have completed 3 years of evaluation of visual symptoms
of this virus, and it appears to segregate as a single gene. RFLP mapping
has been identified a single gene on chromosome 2B that conditions resistance
to the virus.
Milling and baking quality.
We have completed evaluation of the 'Clark's Cream / NY6432-18' mapping
population for milling and baking quality traits with the goal of mapping
those genes. We have identified QTLs for flour protein concentration, alkaline
water retention capacity, and flour yield. We also are analyzing mixing
strength. This is a colloborative project with the Wooster Soft Wheat Quality
Laboratory, Jim Anderson, and Kim Campbell. We also are collaborating with
UC-Davis and the Wooster lab to evaluate the ITMI population 'synthetic
/ Opata' for milling and baking characteristics.
Fusarium head scab.
In collaboration with Dr. G. Bergstrom, we have established a screening
nursery for FHB. The nursery is kept moist using a misting system, and the
percent infected spikes was recorded on six replicates. Results from our
trial were similar to those from Ag Canada at Ottawa for the cultivars in
common between the two trials.
Publications.
Autrique E, Monnevaux P, Nachit M, and Sorrells ME. 1996. Genetic diversity in durum wheat based on RFLPs, morphophysiological traits and coefficient of parentage. Crop Sci 36:735-742.
Barbosa-Neto JF, Sorrells ME, and Cisar G. 1996. Prediction of heterosis in wheat using coefficient of parentage and RFLP-based estimates of genetic relationship. Genome 39:1142-1149.
Beer SC, Siripoonwiwat W, O'Donoughue LS, Souza E, Matthews D, and Sorrells ME. 1996. Associations between molecular markers and quantitative traits in an oat germplasm pool: Can we infer linkages? J Quantitative Trait Loci, Volume 2. Article 8. File available via Internet, URL http://probe.nalusda.gov:8000/otherdocs/jqtl.
da Silva J and Sorrells ME. 1996. Linkage analysis in polyploids using molecular markers. In: Methods of Genome Analysis in Plants: Their Merits and Pitfalls (Jauhar P ed). CRC Press, Inc.
Larson SR, Kadyrzhanova D, McDonald C, Sorrells ME, and Blake TK. 1996. Evaluation of barley chromosome 3 yield QTL in backcross F2 population using STS-PCR. Theor Appl Genet 93:618-722.
Ma ZQ, Röder MS, and Sorrells ME. 1996. Frequencies and sequence characteristics of di-, tri, and tetra-nucleotide microsatellites in wheat. Genome 39:123-130.
Marino CL, Nelson JC, Lu YH, Sorrells ME, Leroy P, Tuleen NA, Lopes CR,
and Hart GE. 1996. Molecular genetic maps of the group 6 chromosomes of
hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) Genome 39:359-366.
Nelson JC, Dubcovsky J, McCouch SR, and Sorrells ME. 1996. Genome mapping
in temperate grains and grasses in the family Gramineae (Poaceae). In:
Genome Mapping in Plants (Paterson AH ed). R.G. Landes Company.
Siripoonwiwat W, O'Donoughue LS, Wesenberg DS, Hoffman DL, Barbosa-Neto JF, and Sorrells ME. 1996. Chromosomal regions associated with quantitative traits in oat. J Quantitative Trait Loci, Volume 2. File available via Internet, URL http://probe.nalusda.gov:8000/otherdocs/jqtl.
Sorrells ME and Anderson JA. 1996. Quantitative trait loci associated with preharvest sprouting in white wheat. Seventh Inter Symp Preharvest Sprouting in Cereals, 2-7 July, 1995, Abashiri, Japan.
Van Deynze AE, Sorrells ME, and McCouch SR. 1996. Anchor probes for comparative mapping in grass species. http://greengenes.cit.cornell.edu/anchors.
Barbosa-Neto JF, Hernández CM, O'Donoughue LS, and Sorrells ME. 1997. Precision of genetic relationship estimates based on molecular markers. Euphytica 98:59-67.
Sorrells ME and Wilson WA. 1997. Direct classification and selection of superior alleles for crop improvement. Crop Sci 37: 691-697.
Nelson JC, Autrique JE, Fuentes-Dávila G, and Sorrells ME. 1998. Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to Karnal bunt in wheat. Crop Sci 38:231-236.
Nelson JC, Singh RP, Autrique JE, and Sorrells ME. 1997. Mapping Genes Conferring and Suppressing Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat. Crop Sci 37:1928-1935.
Van DeynzeAE, Sorrells ME, Park WD, Ayres NM, Fu H, Cartinhour SW, and McCouch SR. 1997. Anchor probes for comparative mapping of grass genera. Mol Gen Genet (In press).