ITEMS FROM SPAIN



UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA AND
INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (UdL­IRTA)

Center of R&D, Rovira Roure 177, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

General aspects.

J. Lloveras, A. López-Querol, J.A. Martín-Sánchez, A. Michelena, C. Royo, and J.A. Zarco.

The last agricultural season was quite exceptional, with continuous rain from November, 1996, to January, 1997. The situation made it impossible to plant wheat by the correct date. The delay in planting caused poor growth.


Durum wheat breeding.

C. Royo.

The durum varieties ID-1046, ID-1049, and Bolenga (ID-1052) were released in 1997.

Bread and durum wheat quality.

J. Lloveras, A. Abad, E. Triboi (INRA), A. Michelena, and J.A. Zarco.

The effects of nitrogen fertilization were evaluated for 3 years in the irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (Spain) in alternative cultivars. The results show that the yield response depended on the initial soil nitrate concentration and on the nitrate content of the irrigation water. The bread-making quality, evaluated as crude protein content and Chopin alveograph, increased with N fertilization. On the other hand, the application of urea by the boot stage increased the grain protein content in certain years.

Durum wheat quality, measured as degree of yellow pigment and vitreousness, increased at all rates of N fertilization. At the same time, soil nitrate content after harvest increased in all locations and years with the application of N fertilization.

The protein composition also was evaluated in coöperation with INRA (Clermont-Ferrand) (France). Gliadin, glutenin, and their subunit composition were analyzed to study their relationship with bread-making quality.

The wheat improvement program of the UdL-IRTA Center also is working in the quality characterization of both durum and bread wheat genotypes. The study is focused on protein content, SDS sedimentation, and several dough rheological properties. Other research includes the environmental effect on wheat quality and the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the most common genotypes cropped in the area.

The effect of the T1BS·1RL translocation on durum wheat quality is the subject of part of a Ph.D. dissertation. Physical chemical, rheological, and biochemical aspects are included. Mainly, we are interested in investigating proteins, especially the gliadins and glutenins. For this reason, we are working on protein fractionation by electrophoresis technique and RP-HPLC and the relationship with dough properties and pasta cooking quality.

Publications.

Ramos JM, García del Moral LF, Boujenna A, Serra J, Insa JA, and Royo C. 1996. Grain yield, biomass and leaf area of triticale in response to sowing date and cutting stage in three Mediterranean contrasting environments. J Agric Sci Cambridge 126:253-358.

Royo C, Abaza M, Cantero C, Calderó A, Ramos JM, and García del Moral LF. 1996. Likening between the effect of drought and terminal water-stress simulated by a senescing agent in triticale. J Agron Crop Sci 176:31-38.

Royo C and Parés D. 1996. Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain. Grass Forage Sci 51:449-455.

Royo C, Penella E, Tribó F, and Molina-Cano JL. 1996. Aptitude of spring and winter triticales for dual purpose (forage and grain) in Mediterranean conditions. In: Triticale: Today and Tomorrow (Guedes-Pinto et al. eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

Royo C and Romagosa I. 1996. Effect of a forage removal at the first node detectable stage on the growth of winter and spring triticale. Grass Forage Sci 51:170-179.

Royo C. 1997. Grain yield and yield components as affected by forage removal in winter and spring triticale. Grass Forage Sci 52:63-72.

Royo C, López A, Serra J, and Tribó F. 1997. Effect of sowing date and cutting stage on yield and quality of irrigated barley and triticale used for forage and grain. J Agron Crop Sci 179:227-234.

Royo C and Tribó F. 1997a. Triticale and barley for grain and for dual-purpose (forage + grain) in a Mediterranean-type environment. I. Growth analyses. Aust J Agric Res 48:411-421.

Royo C and Tribó F. 1997b. Triticale and barley for grain and for dual-purpose (forage + grain) in a Mediterranean-type environment. II. Yield, yield components and quality. Austr J Agric Res 48:423-432.

Zarco-Hernández JA, Michelena A, and Peña RJ. 1997. Efecto de la translocación 1BL/1RS sobre las características de calidad en trigo duro (Triticum turgidum L.). Jornadas técnicas sobre la calidad de los trigos de España. Zaragoza, 30-31 October (In Spanish).


UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID

Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

A. Delibes and I. López-Braña.

CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS
Serrano, 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

D. Romero and M.F. Andres.

UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA AND
INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (UdL­IRTA)

Center of R&D, Rovira Roure 177, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

J.A. Martín-Sánchez, E. Sin, C. Martínez, and A. Michelena.


Transfer of genes for resistance to cereal cyst nematode from Aegilops ventricosa and Ae. triuncialis to Triticum aestivum.

The transfer of resistance derived from Ae. ventricosa and Ae. triuncialis to cultivars of bread wheat continued. The level of resistance derived from Ae. triuncialis seems to be higher, at least against the Spanish pathotypes of CCN.

Studies on the type of resistance derived from Ae. triuncialis apparently confirm that only one dominant locus is involved. These conclusions are based on the segregation analysis in two classes of material. (1) BC5-6F2 families, where segregating progenies were obtained by backcrossing a line (TR 353) derived from Ae. triuncialis as the donor parent, and different cultivars of bread wheat as recurrent parents and selecting for resistance at each backcross and (2) F2 of a cross between resistant (TRrd-5) and susceptible (Trsd-1) lines derived from a backcross.



UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID
Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

A. Delibes and I. López-Braña.

UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA AND
INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (UdL­IRTA)

Center of R&D, Rovira Roure 177, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

J.A. Martín-Sánchez, E. Sin, C. Martínez, and A. Michelena.

JUNTA DE EXTREMADURA
Servicio de Investigación Agraria, Finca La Orden, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain.

J. del Moral and A. Mejías.

Transfer of Hessian fly resistance from Ae. ventricosa to bread wheat.

The transfer of a gene for resistance to Hessian fly from Ae. ventricosa to bread wheat continued. The work was facilitated by the linkage of the resistance gene with the Acph-Mv1 marker, an isozyme of alkaline phosphatase. Simultaneously, the resistance is being tested in the field and a growth chamber.

Last season, possibly because of climate conditions and planting dates, we detected three generations of Hessian fly when normally there are only two.

Publications.

Romero D, Andrés MF, Balagué JM, Delibes A, Duce A, Lara A, López-Braña I, Martín-Sánchez JA, Martínez C, Michelena A, and Sin E. 1996. Aegilops triuncialis, a source of resistance to Heterodera avenae (CCN). Nematropica 26:306.

Delibes A, del Moral J, Martín-Sánchez JA, Mejías A, Gallego M, Casado D, Sin E, and López-Braña I. 1997. Hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from chromosome 4Mv of Aegilops ventricosa to Triticum aestivum. Theor Appl Genet 94:858-864.

Romero MD, Montes MJ, Sin E, López-Brañas I, Duce A, Martín-Sánchez JA, Andrés MF, and Delibes A. 1997. A new source of resistance to cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll) proceeding from Aegilops triuncialis. Theor Appl Genet (accepted).

Corrales D, del Moral J, and Mejías A. 1997. Técnicas de preparación morfológicas de Mayetiola spp. para la determinación de su ciclo y la diferenciación de sus especies. Comunications to VI Jornadas Científicas de la Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada. Ed. Universitat de Lleida. Lleida, Spain. p. 46 (in Spanish).

Del Moral J, Mejías A, and Corrales D. 1997. Utilización de siembras escalonadas de trigo pra una correcta determinación del ciclo de Mayetiola destructor Say. Comunications to VI Jornadas Científicas de la Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada. Ed. Universitat de Lleida. Lleida, Spain. p. 48 (in Spanish).

Del Moral J, Mejías A, and Corrales D. 1997. Caracterización de una colección de variedades de trigo y triticale por su comportamiento frente a Mayetiola destructor Say. Comunications to VI Jornadas Científicas de la Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada. Ed. Universitat de Lleida. Lleida, Spain. p. 50 (in Spanish).

Del Moral J, Mejías A, and Corrales D. 1997. Primeros resultados de la influencia que tiene la alternativa de cultivos en el parasitismo de Mayetiola destructor Say. Comunications to VI Jornadas Científicas de la Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada. Ed. Universitat de Lleida. Lleida, Spain. p. 49 (in Spanish).

Del Moral J, Mejías A, and Corrales D. 1997. Estudios para la definiciòn del biotipo de Mayetiola destructor Say presente en el sur de España. Comunications to VI Jornadas Científicas de la Sociedad Española de Entomología Aplicada. Ed. Universitat de Lleida. Lleida, Spain. p. 47 (in Spanish).

Del Moral J and Mejías A. 1997. Parasite specificity of Mayetiola spp on winter cereals in Extremadura. Comunication to IPBC group about integrated control in cereals. Lleida, Spain.