High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition of winter bread wheats grown in the Ukraine and the Russian Federation in 1995-96 and their connection with pedigrees.

S.V. Rabinovich, I.A. Panshenko, R.G. Parchomenko, and Z.V. Usova.

During 1994-96, we tested HMW-glutenin subunit compositions of nearly 150 winter wheat cultivars from the Ukraine and Russian Federation (data in Table 2). Among these cultivars are current cultivars and some old wheats found in the pedigrees of modern cultivars. Electrophoresis of the HMW-glutenin subunits was according to Ng et al. (1988), identification on protein disks from Payne et al. (1983), and nomenclature from Ng et al. (1988, 1989). The pedigrees and years of release are given in publications from Rabinovich (1972); Dorofeev et al. (1976); Catalogue 1983, 1992; Martynov et al. (1990); Register 1995, 1996; and the State register 1996.

The best glutenin-subunit composition of wheat (BGCW) are subunits 1 and/or 2*, 7+9 and/or 7+8, and 5+10 according to most publications (Panchenko et al. 1996). The `low-quality' glutenin subunits are Null, 20, 7, and 2+12 (Bianchi at al. 1993).

The majority of cultivars grown in the Ukraine and the Russian Federation in 1995-96 are BGCWs, which has been noted in previous publications (Panchenko et al. 1996; Parchomenko et al. 1996). A high demand for grain quality in these countries and the utilization of breeding material with high end-use quality are reasons for the large number of BGCWs. The HMW-glutenin subunits 1 and/or 2*, 7+9 and/or 7+8, and 5+10 are present in all strong-wheat cultivars, a majority of valuable wheats, good fillers, and fillers. The forage-use cultivars Ivanovskaya ostistaya and Mechta 1 have similar HMW-glutenin compositions. Even wheats with soft endosperm, e.g., Mirleben and Rovenskaya 31, also have quite good glutenin compositions, possessing the Null, 7+9, and 5+10 subunits.

In the pedigrees of recent wheats of the Ukraine and Russian Federation, strong-wheat cultivars were widely used: from the Ukraine, Ukrainka and its derivative Belotserkovskaya 198, Mironovskaya (MIR) 264, MIR 808 and its derivative MIR yubilejnaya, Odesskaya (ODS) 51, Obriy, and Albatros ODS; and the Russian cultivars Bezostaya (BEZ) 1 (or its parental form BEZ 4) and Zarja. Some valuable Russian wheats, the older ODS 16, Priboy from the Ukraine, Avrora, Kavkaz, and the contemporary Donskaya polukarlikovaya (a semidwarf) also were widely used. The Russian strong-wheat cultivars Severodonskaya, Tarasovskaya 29, Krasnodarskaya (KRD) 39, Spartanka, Rostovchanka, KRD 6, KRD 57, and Polukarlikovaya 49; and the Ukrainian wheats Il'ichevka, Kijanka, ODS 66, and ODS Polukarlikovaya; were less widely used in breeding modern cultivars. Winter hardy wheats from the Volga Region Hostianum 237 (Null, 7+8/7+9, and 5+10/2+12) and Albidum 114 (1, 7+8, and 5+10), which has a soft endosperm and white grain and some other cultivars are found only in a limited number of pedigrees of recently released wheats.

The utilization of foreign wheats, including the spring wheats from CIMMYT, has not deteriorated the glutenin composition of the majority of wheats. In fact, utilizing these wheats has increased the frequency of the 7+8 subunit in their descendants. The Ukrainian forage wheat MIR poluintensivnayua (Maris Templar, Great Britain/Il'ichevka) also has the low-quality subunit 7 of Glu-1B. A hybrid combination using the French wheat Roasan, the Serbian wheat NS 984, and the Russian Kavkaz has evolved into the cultivar MIR 33, a soft-endospermed BGCW with 2*, 7+9, and 5+10 HMW-glutenin subunits. Only the forage-use cultivar Polesskaya 87, from the U.K. wheat Maris Huntsman with resistance to powdery mildew, has the low-quality glutenin subunits Null, 6+8, and 2+12, despite the presence of MIR 808 in its pedigree.

Different mutagenic factors have been used in breeding a number of wheats: radiation, in cultivars Kievskaya 7 and Siberian Albidum 12; chemical, in the Ukrainian cultivars Kijanka, Lutescens 7, Zbruch (with soft endosperm), and Albatros odesskiy and the Russian Imeny, I.A. Rappoporta, Demetra, Meshinskaya 2, Oms-kaya ozimaya (winter), and Sibirskaya niva; and biological, in the Ukrainian wheat Polesskaya 90 and the Siberian wheats Bagrationovakaya and Kulundinka. These treatments have not deteriorated the HMW-glutenin composition. All these culitvars are BGCWs. Only the Ukrainian cultivar Polesskaya 70, initially bred in the Rostov Region, was the subunit composition Null, 7+9, and 2+12 discovered. This cultivar was developed utilizing an active biological substance from rye endosperm on the grain of the Krasnodarian wheat BEZ 1.

Thus, it seems that an overwhelming majority of Ukrainian and Russian cultivars can be utilized as initial parental lines in breeding for wheats with high breadmaking quality.

Table 2. The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition of some common and older Ukrainian and Russian wheat cultivars.

¹ a = strong, b = valuable, c = good filler, d = filler, and e = forage use.
² cultivars widely grown in different years.
³ cultivars widely grown in the past.

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