Figure 1: Relative starch and protein contents in the dry matter of 33 different wheat varieties/lines
INSTITUT FUER PFLANZENGENETIK UND KULTURPFLANZENFORSCHUNG -- IPK
Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
A. Boerner, V. Korzun, I. M. Ben Amer, C.-E. Specht, and G. Schnueber (Fachhochschule Anhalt, Bernburg).
Comparative mapping of three mutant loci.
The evolutionary conservation of cereal chromosomes,
including the map positions of cross-hybridizing probes and
gene loci, offers new approaches to genetic analysis. Gene location
in one species can be rapid if information about the mapping position
in related species is already known and transferable. Based on
this knowledge, three mutant loci of rye determining absence of
ligules (al), waxless plant (wa1), and waxy endosperm
(Wx) characters were mapped in a single F2 population
comprising 84 individual plants. The three loci could be clearly
tagged in relation to seven (al on chromosome 2R), four
(wa1 on chromosome 7R), or six (Wx on chromosome
4R) RFLP markers. The mapping data are compared with already
existing data for homoeologous regions containing equivalent mutants
of wheat, barley, rice, and maize. The loci analyzed are shown
to be highly conserved across the cereal species.
Cytoplasmic effect on tissue culture response.
A series of 12 alloplasmic lines, with the Siete
Cerros 66 (SC 66) nucleus substituted into four cytoplasms of
Triticum (T. vavilovii, T. dicoccum var.
khapli, T. dicoccum var. pseudomacrotherum,
and T. turgidum var. turanicum notabile), five of
Aegilops (Ae. kotschyi, Ae. cylindrica, Ae.
ventricosa, Ae. longissima, and Ae. squarrosa var.
strangulata), two of Agropyron (Ag. glaucum
and Ag. trichophorum), and one of H. villosa were
exploited to study the influence of a different combination of
nuclei and cytoplasms on culture ability of scutellar calli.
The lines were developed by I. Panayotov, Wheat and Sunflower
Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria; and kindly provided by A.
J. Worland, Cereals Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, U.K.
Although comparable frequencies of callus induction were observed
between the alloplasmic lines and the euplasmic control, significant
differences were observed for callus fresh weight, green spot
initiation, and shoot regeneration in the alloplasmic lines studied
compared with the nucleus donor variety SC 66. For callus fresh
weight, all alloplasmic lines except those having the T. dicoccum
var. pseudomacrotherum and Ae. ventricosa cytoplasms
were significantly lower. Although the number of cytoplasms affecting
green-spot initiation and shoot regeneration was less than the
number of cytoplasms affecting callus fresh weight, differences
in both directions were observed for both traits. The differences
were significant in only four lines. Alloplasmic lines with Ae.
cylindrica and Ae. longissima cytoplasms showed
a significant increase in both traits, whereas alloplasmic lines
with Ag. glaucum and Ag. trichophorum cytoplasms
were significantly lower than the control SC 66.
A selection of 33 wheat varieties and lines known
to be used for the development of precise cytogenetic stocks (monosomics,
intervarietal substitutions, and single chromosome recombinant
lines) was used to study the starch and protein contents of the
crude flour. Fresh seed, pooled from five single plants grown
in the greenhouse, were milled using a cyclotec laboratory mill
to determine the starch contents. The starch in the total flour
was estimated by hydrolysis in CaCl2 solution and measured
by using a polarimeter (standard deviation 0.5 % starch). The
protein content (N x 6.25) was analyzed after Dumas, using a Leco-Analyzer
(standard deviation 0.2 % protein). The results are given in
figure 1. The starch and protein contents (in %) varied from
55.3 to 69.1 and 11.6 to 23.0, respectively. Starch content was
negatively correlated with the protein content (r = -0.867*).
The gene bank in Gatersleben is maintaining a collection
of about 17,000 wheat accessions. All these accessions are stored
t a temperature of 0 C
in facilities that were built in 1976. Tests were conducted in
order to control the development of germination of each accession
since that time. The mean of the initial germinability of Triticum
spp. was 93 % before storage. The range of the moisture content
is between 6 to 9 % during storage. A germinability of more than
70 % was found in:
Only 6 % of the total amount of accessions tested
so far have a germinability of less than 70 %. A germinability
decline was not detected. High germinability can be maintained
for a long period of time in Triticum spp. under the storage
conditions in Gatersleben.
Publications.
Ben Amer IM and Boerner
A. 1996. Response of semidwarf barley and wheat lines from Libya
to exogenously applied gibberellic acid. RACHIS-Barley
Wheat Newslet 13:46-48.
Ben Amer IM, Korzun V, and Boerner,
A. 1996. RFLP-Kartierung von Genen fuer
Gewebekultureignung im Weizen. Vortraege
fuer
Pflanzenzuechtung
32:13-15.
Ben Amer IM, Worland AJ, and Boerner
A. 1996. The effects of whole chromosome substitutions differing
in alleles for hybrid dwarfing and photoperiodic sensitivity on
tissue culture response in wheat. Euphytica 89:81-86.
Ben Amer IM, Korzun V, Worland AJ, and Boerner
A. 1997. Genetic mapping of QTL controlling tissue culture response
on chromosome 2B of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation
to major genes and RFLP markers. Theor Appl Genet (In press).
Boerner A. 1996. GA response in semidwarf barley. Barley Genet Newslet 25:24-26.
Figure 1: Relative starch and protein contents in the dry matter of 33 different wheat varieties/lines
Boerner
A, Korzun V. 1996. Genetical studies of two barley mutants differing
in their GA response. Barley Genet Newslet 25:27-29.
Boerner
A and Korzun V. 1996. Genetics and comparative mapping of genes
controlling plant height and development. Proc Inter Symp Rye
Breed and Genet, EUCARPIA Cereal Section. Vortraege
fuer
Pflanzenzuechtung
35:273-279.
Boerner
A and Korzun V. 1996. Genetische Untersuchungen zur Gibberellinreaktion
in der Gerste. Vortraege
fuer
Pflanzenzuechtung
32:43-45.
Boerner
A and Plaschke J. 1996. Dwarfing genes of wheat and rye and
its expression in Triticale. In: Triticale: Today and
Tomorrow, Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 275-280.
Boerner
A and Worland AJ. 1996. Cereal Aneuploids for Genetical Analysis
and Molecular Techniques, Selected papers EWAC Conf 1994, Gatersleben-Wernigerode,
Germany. Euphytica 89:157.
Boerner
A, Plaschke J, and Korzun V. 1996. Moeglichkeiten
zur genetischen Verbesserung der Standfestigkeit bei Triticale.
Vortraege
fuer
Pflanzenzuechtung
34:157-175.
Boerner
A, Plaschke J, Korzun V, and Worland AJ. 1996. The relationships
between dwarfing genes of wheat and rye. Euphytica 89:69-75.
Flintham JE, Boerner
A, Worland AJ, and Gale MD. 1997. Optimising wheat grain yield:
effects of Rht (gibberellin-insensitive) dwarfing
genes. J Agric Sci 128:11-25.
Korzun V, Melz G, and Boerner
A. 1996. RFLP mapping of the dwarfing (Ddw1) and hairy
peduncle (Hp) genes on chromosome 5 of rye (Secale cereale
L.). Theor Appl Genet 92:1073-1077.
Korzun V, Voylokov AV, and Boerner
A. 1996. RFLP mapping of genes for self fertility (Sf5R)
and absence of ligules (al) in rye. Proc Inter Symp Rye
Breed and Genet, EUCARPIA Cereal Section. Vortraege
fuer
Pflanzenzuechtung
35:284-285.
Korzun V, Worland AJ, and Boerner
A. 1996. Vergleichende RFLP-Kartierung von agronomisch
bedeutsamen Genen im Getreide. Vortraege
fuer
Pflanzenzuechtung
32:16-18.
Korzun V, Plaschke J, Boerner
A, and Koebner R. 1996. Differences in recombination frequency
between male and female gametogenesis in rye, Secale cereale
L. Plant Breed 115:122-124.
Korzun V, Roeder
M, Worland AJ, and Boerner
A. 1997. Mapping of the dwarfing (Rht12) and vernalisation
response (Vrn1) genes in wheat by using RFLP and microsatellite
markers. Plant Breed (In press).
Korzun V, Balzer H-J, Balzer A, Baeumlein
H, and Boerner
A. 1996. Chromosomal location of three wheat sequences with homology
to a pollen allergen encoding, DNA replication regulating and
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase genes in wheat and
rye. Genome 39:1213-1215.
Plaschke J, Boerner
A, Wendehake K, Ganal MW, and Roeder
MS. 1996. The use of wheat aneuploids for the chromosomal assignment
of microsatellite loci. Euphytica 89:33-40.
INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA Y TECHNOLOGIA AGRICOLAS -- ICTA
Programa de Trigo, Guatemala, Central America.
Fernando Aldana, Valentin Azaonon, Rene Mora, E. Ramirez, and L. Molina.
The wheat program in Guatemala evaluated germplasm
in all stages of development during 1996. In the Advance Nursery,
the ELITE, we evaluated 64 entries. For the second year in a
row, the highest-yielding line in the ELITE came out of the cross
`Kaus//VEE 5/SARA /3/VEE 5/SARA'. This line will be released with
another line `F60314.76/MRL//CNO79', to the farmers'
field as new cultivars. We are concerned that Cumpale is our
only cultivar at the national level.
In the ENTRI (National Nursery of Wheat), we evaluated
the best lines from the ELITE in 1995 in farmers'
fields. This nursery had the least number of entries. In 1996,
there were 10, including the farmers'
best cultivar Cumpale. The highest yielding lines in this nursery
were: `Kaus//VEE
5/SARA/3/VEE 5/SARA'
and `F60314.76/MRL//CNO79'.
A diallelic cross of the best-yielding lines from
the ENTRI was a new project in the program. We now have 90 hybrids
n (n-1)
crosses in both side, and we plan to check for maternal effects
in a F2-bulk-yielding experiment next year by evaluating
for yield components. Besides using conventional breeding, we
also are using anther-culture breeding of these 90 hybrids from
the diallelic to save time. The media used to culture the anthers
was Potato II, from Poland. Although we could not produce all
the hybrids, because they came out of excellent parents for yield
and disease resistance, we are sure that we can produce excellent
advances in high-yielding lines from anther-culture breeding for
next year.
We also are continuing the evaluation of an organic
fertilizer from chicken manure in agronomic nurseries and comparison
with a chemical fertilizer. The chemical fertilizer outyielded
the organic fertilizer by 6 %. The cost of the organic fertilizer
is 50 % higher than that of chemical fertilizers. We are going
to repeat the experiment this year.
The association of legumes with wheat is another
project of interest. We evaluated the effect of using legumes
to reduce the chemical application of fertilizers. Although we
have had to increase the distance between wheat rows, we want
to introduce a system where the farmer does not have to use chemical
control of weeds. In the empty space in the field that normally
is occupied by weeds will be legume plants, such as beans, alfalfa,
or other legume crops. This system can be used only for small
scale farmers that have the time to harvest both crops in a small
area. In this year's
experiment, a `wheat
+ beans'
combination outyielded wheat alone.
We have built an oven to check wheat quality and
produce commercial bread. This project hopes to train people
from the program as experts in flour and bread quality in order
to compete with wheat imports.
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Martonvasar,
H-2462, Hungary.
Z. Bedoe, L. Szunics, L. Lang, Lu. Szunics, O. Veisz, I. Karsai, and Gy. Vida.
Wheat production. Although
the winter was colder than usual, the rate of frost kill was not
substantial. An unusually severe epidemic of snow mold (F.
nivale) developed, because of a thick layer of ice and snow.
The weather in June was hotter than average and damaged plants
caused wheat yields nationwide to be lower than average.
Breeding. Over the last
year, one aestivum and two durum wheat varieties have successfully
completed their official variety trials and are expected to be
state registered in spring 1997. Mv Matador is a medium-late
bread wheat. A large number of lines were developed from a cross
between two varieties cultivated successfully on very large areas
(Fatima/Martonvasari 15) and one of these, Mv 10-94, proved
to be the highest yielder in its maturity group over a 3-year
period. The awned genotype produces a good stand and has good
resistance to frost and lodging. Mv Matador has good breadmaking
quality on the basis of its protein and gluten contents and its
rheological properties.
The winter durum wheat Martondur 1 has good
frost resistance and yield potential, so its registration will
lead to a substantial reduction in the risk attached to durum
wheat production in Hungary. The level of frost resistance in
Martondur 1 exceeds that of winter barley and approaches that
of the moderately frost-resistant T. aestivum wheats.
Values recorded for vitrousness, semolina yield, protein content,
and yellow index equal or exceed those of the standards. Compared
with this variety, Martondur 2 has greater yield potential, but
poorer lodging resistance, with quality similar or slightly better
than that of Martondur 1.
Disease pressure. A somewhat
higher-than-moderate nationwide epidemic of leaf rust occurred
in 1996. A substantial proportion of the cultivated varieties
have resistance genes Lr3 or Lr26, to which the
pathogen population is virulent. In field experiments with artificial
infection, it was found that satisfactory protection against leaf
rust is provided by resistance genes Lr9, Lr19,
Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr27, Lr33,
and Lr37. No yellow rust infection was observed
in the last growing season. There have been no stem rust epidemics
for many years, because of the incorporation of the efficient
stem rust-resistance genes Sr31 and Sr36 into our
varieties. The stem rust pathogen also is avirulent to the following
genes: Sr9b, Sr11, Sr21, Sr24, and
Sr37.
Wheat powdery mildew caused only a moderate epidemic.
The known major resistance genes do not provide adequate protection
as the pathogen is virulent to them. In greenhouse experiments
using the test collection compiled by Nover, 22 races were identified.
The prevalent races and their frequency were as follows: 72
(19.5 %), 51 (19.1 %), 90 (19.1 %), 70 (6.7 %), 77 (6.7 %), and
46 (5.2 %). The number of virulence genes in the pathogen population
was 5.29.
There were outbreaks of G. graminis, H.
sativum, and Septoria spp. infection in some
parts of the country. A severe virus epidemic chiefly attacked
the durum wheat, completely wiping out some of the lines in our
nursery,.
The majority of wheat varieties recently bred in
Martonvasar
have good resistance to powdery mildew (Mv Palma, Mv Vilma, Mv
Madrigal, Mv Magma, and Mv 25) and leaf rust (Mv Palma, Mv Vilma,
Mv Magdalena, Mv Matador, and Mv 25). Most varieties have excellent
stem rust resistance. All the cultivated varieties have average
susceptibility to FHB and bunt. The complex resistance
or slight susceptibility of our varieties provide satisfactory
simultaneous protection to a number of pathogens. When these
varieties are grown, there are no increases in the chemical stress
to the biological environment and production costs or only slight
increases if chemical plant protection is needed.
Molecular research. Our
molecular marker research focusses on locating QTLs for winter
hardiness in a wide range of cereals using a winter barley cross
and a winter wheat population. We want to apply marker-assisted
selection to a wider range of barley and durum wheat germplasm,
based on the QTL information achieved in wheat and barley.
The phenotypic characterization of the winter barley
population for the components of winter hardiness has been completed.
The genotypic characterization of the chromosomal regions involved
in these traits was begun in the same population. Seventeen RFLP
markers have been mapped. The photoperiod and vernalization response
of 40 barley varieties of different geological origin and growth
type was studied in cooperation with Dr. Patrick M. Hayes, Oregon
State University. In wheat, three F6 families differing
in frost tolerance were involved in artificial freezing tests
and in a bulk segregant DNA analysis applying RAPD primers (in
cooperation with Dr. Herbert Ohm, Purdue University, Indiana,
USA). The level of polymorphism on chromosome 5, known to have
an important role in frost tolerance, has been studied in durum
wheat, comparing durum varieties with different winter hardiness
levels.
Frost resistance tests.
Phytotron, greenhouse, and field nurseries studies were used
to study the frost resistance and winter hardiness of cereals.
Rye is the most frost resistant, followed by wheat, triticale,
durum wheat, barley, and oats, the least resistant. As a result
of constant breeding for frost resistance, the winter hardiness
of the Martonvasar
wheat varieties is excellent. The frost resistance of the winter
durum wheat lines entered for variety trials exceeds that of the
best winter barley varieties and, even in some cases, that of
the winter wheat variety Bankuti 1201.
A complete diallel cross was developed using frost-tolerant
and frost-sensitive varieties. Dominance relations were
found to depend on freezing temperature in the F1 generation.
Although frost resistance is dominant at -12 C,
frost sensitivity becomes dominant when the plants are frozen
at -18 C.
A substantial reduction in frost resistance was observed
in the absence of chromosomes 5A, 3B, 3A, 5B, and 7A when testing
monosomic series of Cheyenne, Mironovskaya 808, and Rannyaya 12
in the phytotron. The frost resistance of the 4B monosomic line
was significantly better than that of the disomic line. However,
our results indicate that a suppressor gene for frost resistance
is found on chromosome 4B.
Changes in the dynamics of winter hardiness in various
cereals were determined from results of field experiments at four
testing dates (December, January, February, and early March).
The winter cereals reached a maximum level of winter hardiness
in January. This value then decreased gradually until early March.
The relationship between bunt infection and frost
resistance was analyzed as an example of the joint examination
of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Bunt infection in
winter wheat varieties and lines containing the smut-resistance
genes Bt1 to Bt10 was studied in an artificially
infected experiment. The winter hardiness and frost resistance
of plants grown from artificially infected and healthy seeds were
determined in the field and in the phytotron. The frost resistance
level of the bunt-infected plants was lower than that of
the healthy plants. This difference was significant for the majority
of the varieties and for the lines with resistance genes. A close
positive correlation (r = 0.890) was found between an increase
in the killed plant rate due to infection and the degree of susceptibility
to bunt.
Climatic changes. Experiments
on the possible effects of climatic changes were continued in
the phytotron. A double rate of CO2 was found to have
a favorable effect on plant development, leading to improved winter
hardiness, and increased leaf area and productivity.
Cell biology and physiological studies.
B. Barnabas, E. Paldi, G. Kovacs, I. Takacs, T. Janda, G. Szalai, Z. Ponya, and I. Timar.
Genetic transformation of young zygotic and microspore-derived
embryos of wheat via particle bombardment. The
genetic modification of plants using in vitro culture and transformation
techniques has enabled us to study the processes of gene regulation,
metabolic pathways, and to introduce foreign DNA of agronomic
interest into the plant genome. Using the fast-growing knowledge
in the field of genetic transformation of cereals, a reproducible,
highly effective, transformation system for hexaploid wheat was
developed in our laboratory during the last few years. This transformation
system is based on particle bombardment of young zygotic (5-day-old)
and microspore-derived haploid embryos. A direct embryo-germination
system was developed to avoid or shorten the callus phase. Particle
bombardment was made using high-pressure nitrogen-driven particle
gun (made in Hungary and registered as GeneBooster). Plant material
was bombarded with the plasmid pDB1 containing the uidA
gene controlled by the actin-1 promoter of rice and the selectable
herbicide resistance marker gene (bar) controlled by the
CaMV 35S promoter. Haploid and zygotic embryos were screened
for the enzyme activity by the histochemical GUS assay. One week
after bombardment, selection for herbicide resistance was made
on a herbicide-containing media for the detection of putative
transgenic plants. The haploid and diploid regenerants were sprayed
with an aqueous solution of the herbicide Basta, and the healthy
regenerants were tested for the presence of the foreign DNA using
PCR and Southern-blot techniques. A molecular analysis indicated
the presence of the introduced foreign genes in the genomic DNA,
and the marker genes were found in most of the regenerants. With
the success of this transformation system, we have already initiated
transformation experiments using agronomically important genes
such as fungi and insect resistance genes, in combination with
the testing of the effectiveness of some inducible promoters in
wheat.
The effect of low temperature on rRNA processing
in wheat. Studies were made on the effect
of low temperature on rRNA processing. The two wheat genotypes
in this work differ from each other only in their level of frost
resistance. In weakly frost-resistant lines, quantitative and
qualitative changes took place in the rRNA maturation processes
as the result of low temperature. The last precursors of the
two stable cytoplasmic rRNAs accumulated at the expense of the
stable rRNA fractions during cold treatment. This accumulation
increased with the length of cold treatment. This change could
not be demonstrated in the line with good frost resistance. In
the poorly-resistant line, the cold treatment had an inhibitory
effect on the last step in the maturation process, i.e., at low
temperature, this process was unable to proceed to completion.
The effect of short-term and long-term
low-temperature stress on polyamine biosynthesis in wheat genotypes.
Two series of experiments examined the
short- and long-term effects of low temperature on polyamine
biosynthesis in wheat. Studies first were made on polyamine accumulation
in the leaves, crowns, and roots of winter wheat varieties with
varying degrees of frost tolerance subjected to short-term
low temperature stress. A marked accumulation of Put was observed.
Agm accumulation also was examined and was comparable to that
of Put. The data suggest that Agm, which is an intermediate product
of Put synthesis only in higher plants, may play an important
role during short-term cold treatment. The second series
of experiments was to discover the effect of wheat chromosomes
5A and 7A, which contain major genes responsible for frost resistance,
on the polyamine synthesis taking place in various parts of the
seedling during long periods of cold treatment and especially
on the alternative metabolic pathway present only in higher plants.
J. Sutka, G. Galiba, M. Molnar-Lang,
G. Kocsy, B. Koeszegi,
G. Linc, and A. Vagujfalvi.
Frost tolerance. Major
changes in osmotic potential during cold acclimation are due to
changes in sugars. There is good correlation between sugar content
and frost tolerance. The objective of this work was to localize
a gene(s) that is responsible for carbohydrate accumulation during
cold acclimation on chromosome 5A of wheat. We used recombinant
substitution lines developed from the cross between the substitution
lines Chinese Spring(CNN 5A) and CS(T. spelta 5A).
Previously, major genes influencing frost resistance (Fr1)
and vernalization requirement (Vrn1) were located on the
long arm of chromosome 5A (Galiba et al. 1995). The T. spelta
5A chromosome with the Fr1 (frost sensitive) allele for
frost tolerance and Vrn1 (spring habit) allele for vernalization
requirement did not considerably change the sucrose and fructan
contents in the CS background. On the other hand, the presence
of CNN alleles for vernalization requirement, vrn1, and
frost tolerance, fr1, significantly increased their concentrations.
Two lines that exhibit recombination between Vrn1 and
Fr1 loci suggest that the gene regulating sucrose accumulation
is closely associated with or a pleiotropic effect of Vrn1
but separate from the Fr1 locus.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis. Hybrids
between Chinese Spring wheat and Betzes barley produced at Martonvasar
were backcrossed with the winter wheat line Martonvasari
9 (kr1) and the Japanese winter wheat variety Asakaze komugi.
GISH was made on mitotic and meiotic chromosome preparations
made from the backcross progenies. Total barley DNA was labeled
by nick translation using fluorogreen followed by rapid in
situ hybridization (Reader et al. 1994).
Six barley chromosomes were detected by GISH in some
(CS x Betzes) Mv 9kr1 BC2 plants. These are suitable
sources for the production of wheat/barley addition lines in a
winter wheat background. Several BC2 plants already
have a reduced number of barley chromosomes (4, 3, 2, and telocentrics).
Disomic wheat/barley chromosome additions were selected among
the selfed BC2 progenies from the `CS/Betzes//Asakaze
komugi'
cross combinations. A wheat-barley
translocation was detected in the progeny of a `CS/Betzes//Mv9
kr1 BC2 plant. Further investigations are in
process to determine which barley and wheat chromosomes are involved
in this terminal translocation. A new winter wheat (T. aestivum
cv. Mv 9 kr1)-winter
barley (H. vulgare cv. Igri) hybrid recently was produced.
Chromosome instability in tissue culture. The
chromosome instability of some Chinese Spring/Betzes addition
lines was studied in sexually-propagated plants and in plants
propagated in tissue culture. A total of 197 plants were regenerated
after propagation in tissue culture from six Chinese Spring-Betzes
wheat-barley
ditelosomic addition lines (1HL, 3HS, 3HL, 6HS, 6HL, and 7HS)
isolated by Islam (1983). The highest regeneration frequency
was detected in the 3HL and 6HL addition lines. Cytological analyses
of seed obtained on the regenerants showed that 49.8 % of the
seeds examined contained 42 + 2t chromosomes, 46.6 % had 42 chromosomes,
and 3.6 % contained various numbers of chromosomes (42 + t, 41,
or 43). The loss of the pair of barley telocentric chromosomes
was most frequent in progeny regenerated from the 3HL line, where
88.4 % of the seed examined had a chromosome number of 42. However,
3HL proved to be one of the most stable wheat/barley ditelosomic
addition lines when propagated sexually; 93.1 % of the seed analyzed
contained 42 + 2t chromosomes. The least stable addition line
among the sexually propagated plants was 7HS, where only 15.4
% of the seed contained the added barley telocentric chromosomes.
Publications.
Pan A, Chen F, Hayes PM, Powell W, Bard E, and Karsai
I. 1996. Application of AFLP markers in barley QTL detection.
Proc Plant Genome IV. 14-18
January, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. p. 61.
Bedoe
Z, Karsai I, Lang L, and Vida Gy. 1996. Breadmaking quality of doubled haploid
lines of wheat. In: In vitro Haploid Production in Higher
Plants, Vol. 2 (Jain SM, Sopory SK, and Veilleux RE eds). Kluwer
Academic Publishers, the Netherlands. pp. 93-109.
Karsai I, Bedoe Z, Meszaros K, Hayes PM, and Chen F. 1996. Effect of chromosome 2 on certain
developmental patterns of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under
different light regimes. Proc Plant Genome IV. 14-18
January, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. p. 61.
Karsai I, Meszaros K, Bedoe Z, and Hayes PM. 1996). The effect of chromosome 7 on certain
development patterns of barley (Hordeum vulgare
L.) under different light regimes. Proc Mol Markers in Plant
Genome Analysis and Crop Plant Improvement. 6-10 June,
Gatersleben. p. 14.
Karsai I, Meszaros K, Hayes PM, and Bedoe
Z. 1997. Effects of loci on chromosomes 2(2H) and 7(5H) on developmental
patterns in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different
photoperiod regimes. Theor Appl Genet (In press).
Koeszegi B, Farshadfar E, Vagujfalvi
A, and Sutka J. 1996. Drought tolerance studies on wheat/rye
chromosome addition lines. Acta Agr Hung 44:121-126.
Lang L and Bedoe Z. 1997. Prebreeding of early maturing wheat germplasm for a
continental climate. Acta Agronomica (In press).
Langne-Molnar M, Koeszegi B, Linc G, and Sutka J. 1996. Buza (Triticum aestivum
L.) /Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. addicio, szubsztitucio
es buza/rozs transzlokacio kimutatasa C-savozassal es in
situ hibridizacioval. Noevenytermeles
45:237-245.
Langne-Molnar M, Koeszegi B, Linc G, and Sutka J. 1996. Chromosome instability of wheat/barley
ditelosomic addition lines in tissue culture. Cereal Res Commun
24:275-281.
Langne-Molnar M, Linc G, and Sutka J. 1996. Transfer of the recessive crossability
allele kr1 from Chinese Spring into the winter wheat variety
Martonvasari
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