INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH `SERBIA'
Center for Small Grains Kragujevac, S. Kovacevica 31, Kragujevac
34000, Yugoslavia.
The quantitative traits of wheat cultivars grown in different
locations.
Miroslav Kuburovic1, Desimir Knezevic, and Milanko Pavlovic.
1Agricultural faculty, Cacak, University of Kragujevac,
Yugoslavia.
The main task of wheat breeders is the development
of cultivars with high yield and high quality. The level of grain
yield depends on the genetic potential of cultivars for yield,
whereas yield stability is influenced by the adaptability of cultivars
to the environment (Borojevic 1981). The quality of grain, flour,
and bread are determined by genetic factors. The environment has
a high influence on the quality parameters, and these parameters
vary depending on the year and location in the same wheat cultivar
(Popovic 1976; Kuburovic et al. 1994).
The aim of this study was estimation of quantitative
parameters determining differences in grain yield, % of flour,
and sedimentation volume in wheat cultivars grown in different
environment and determination of adaptability of genotypes.
Materials and Methods.
The investigations were done at three different locations under
different ecological conditions. The first experiment was on an
experimental field at the Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac,
at 190 m altitude above sea level on smonitza soil. The second
experiment was in Jagodina, about 100 m above sea level. The third
experiment was in Ramaca, 550 m above sea level, on vertisol soil.
Sixteen divergent wheat cultivars selected from different wheat
centers (1 from the Institute of Agriculture and Vegetables, Novi
Sad; 5 from the Institute of Agriculture, Zagreb; 5 from the Institute
of Agriculture, Osijek; and 5 from the ARI `Serbia'
Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac) were examined. The experiment
was a randomized block design of 5-sq m plots in five repetitions.
Results and Discussion.
The analysis showed that the highest grain yield of wheat cultivars
was obtained in Kragujevac and the least in Jagodina. The cultivars
Slavonija, Zagrebcanka 2, Jugoslavija, and Srbijanka had significantly
higher yields compared with average yields in Kragujevac. The
grain yield in one wheat cultivar showed significant differences
at all locations. Also, one wheat cultivar showed significant
differences for grain yield in both years of the experiment (Table
1). These results are in agreement with the investigations at
Martinic (1982) and Stojanovic (1982). In the first year, the
cultivar Jugoslavia, and in the second year, KG-56 and Srbijanka
had significantally higher yields in relation to the average yield
at all three locations. The cultivars Jugoslavija, KG-56,
Oplenka Lepenica, and Srbijanka had significantally higher yields
than the average grain yield at Jagodina. The cultivars Jugoslavija,
KG-56, Oplenka, Ljubicevka, and Srbijanka had significantly
higher grain yield than average of yield at Ramaca.
The results showed that yield varied in relation
to year and localities. Similar data were obtained by Misic (1989).
Table 1. Yield (kg/ha) of wheat cultivars obtained during 2 experimental years at three locations.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Year 1 Year 2
______________________________ ______________________________
Cultivar Kragujevac Jagodina Ramaca Kragujevac Jagodina Ramaca
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Osijecanka 7,176 4,456 4,650 4,336 4,700 4,444
Nada 6,864 3,755 4,800 2,976 3,804 2,644
Poljarka 7,248 3,992 5,353** 4,344 4,844 3,386
Zitarka 6,536 4,025 4,476 4,436 4,932 4,132
Slavonija 7,596** 3,692 5,520** 4,316 4,492 3,944
ZG-471/80 6,704 4,400 3,900 4,292 4,812 2,404
Zagrepcaka 7,244 4,155 4,576 5,624** 5,460* 4,470
Zgrepcanka 2 7,604* 4,471** 5,013 4,916 4,876 3,664
Baranjka 7,214 3,770 4,800 5,880** 5,450* 4,008
Lonja 6,440 3,020 5,081 4,880 5,265 3,572
KG-56 7,540 4,510* 6,050 5,685** 5,725** 5,490**
Oplenka 6,630 3,890 5,470** 4,920 5,764** 5,228**
Lepenica 6,450 3,680 4,290 5,050 5,627** 4,383
Ljubucavaka 6,340 3,500 4,920 5,274 5,465* 5,440**
Srbijanaka 7,512 4,810** 5,632** 5,950** 5,820** 5,670**
Jugoslavija 7,730 4,953** 5,786** 4,995 5,754** 5,580**
Average 7,051 4,067 5,019 4,861 5,174 4,278
LSD 0.05 478 375 219 291 312 221
0.01 635 502 290 388 410 295
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The percentage of flour was higher in wheat cultivars
grown in Kragujevac than in those grown in Ramaca and Jagodina.
The highest percentage of flour was found in cultivars KG-56,
Zagrebcanka 2, and Lonja, grown in all three locations. There
were no significant differences between wheat cultivars according
to percent of flour (Table 2). The percent of flour as a baking
factor in wheat cultivars grown at different locations is influenced
little by environmental factors (Saric, 1989).
Table 2. Average flour percentage and flour yield of wheat cultivars.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Flour percent Flour yield (t/ha)
______________________________ ______________________________
Cultivar Kragujevac Jagodina Ramaca Kragujevac Jagodina Ramaca
____________________________________________________________________________________
Osijecanka 69.9 69.5 69.2 3.9 3.2 3.1
Nada 68.8 66.7 66.2 3.4 2.5 2.5
Poljarka 70.7 67.9 68.1 4.0 3.0 3.0
Zitarka 66.1 66.6 65.8 3.6 2.9 2.8
Slavonija 67.0 67.8 67.9 4.0 2.8 3.2
ZG-471/80 72.2 68.3 68.3 3.9 3.1 2.1
Zagrepcaka 72.1 70.1 69.6 4.6 3.5 3.3
Zgrepcanka 2 73.7 70.4 71.8 4.6 3.2 2.9
Baranjka 73.0 69.7 70.0 4.7 3.2 3.0
Lonja 73.0 70.2 70.1 4.2 2.9 3.0
KG-56 74.2 70.6 70.3 4.7 3.6 4.0
Oplenka 72.5 68.8 68.6 4.1 3.3 3.6
Lepenica 74.0 71.2 69.4 4.2 3.2 3.0
Ljubucavaka 73.5 68.9 69.1 4.1 3.0 3.5
Srbijanaka 73.2 71.1 69.5 4.8 3.8 3.9
Jugoslavija 68.5 68.7 68.6 4.2 3.6 3.6
Average 71.4 69.1 68.9 4.2 3.2 3.2
____________________________________________________________________________________
The flour yield in the wheat cultivar varied depending
on the location. Cultivars Srbijanka, KG-56, Baranjka, Zagrebcanka,
and Zagrebcanka 2 had the highest percentages of flour yield at
Kragujevac. In Jagodina, the highest percentages of flour were
from cultivars Srbijanka, KG-56, and Jugoslavija. The highest
percentages of flour at Ramaca were from cultivars Srbijanka,
Jugoslavija, and Oplenka (Table 2). The highest percentages of
flour on average for the three locations were from cultivars Srbijanka,
KG-56, and Jugoslavija in Zagrebcanka. Most of the cultivars
had high grain yield.
Sedimentation volume is used as an index to classify
wheat cultivars into three groups (Djokovic 1980). Significant
differences in sedimentation volume among the analyzed wheat cultivars
grown in different locations were found (Table 3). The analysis
of sedimentation volume, showed significant differences in one
wheat cultivar when grown in different locations. The different
environmental factors at each location had an influence on the
expression of sedimentation, but genetic control of this trait
decreases under the influence of environmental factors. These
data are in agreement with the results of Popovic (1976). The
highest sedimentation volumes were in cultivars grown in Kragujevac.
Cultivars KG-56, Oplenka, Ljubicevka, and Poljarka had the
highest sedimentation volumes over both years and all three locations.
Table 3. Average value of sedimentation volume in wheat cultivars.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Sedimentation protein volume (ml) at
Kragujevac Jagodina Ramaca
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
Cultivar Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Osijecanka 42 48 62 60 48 52
Nada 36 42 54 58 51 45
Poljarka 52 58 66 62 64 60
Zitarka 54 54 62 60 56 58
Slavonija 58 52 63 64 60 56
ZG-471/80 28 36 34 42 40 30
Zagrepcaka 32 38 44 42 32 36
Zgrepcanka 2 32 42 48 52 42 38
Baranjka 30 38 42 40 37 33
Lonja 26 32 40 38 30 25
KG-56 64 62 68 67 66 54
Oplenka 60 64 62 66 66 52
Lepenica 62 58 54 64 58 45
Ljubucavaka 66 64 62 64 62 49
Srbijanaka 39 40 39 62 44 48
Jugoslavija 39 49 48 44 50 39
Average 45 48 53 55 50 45
_________________________________________________________________________________________
References.
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plant breeding. Univ Novi Sad.
Djokovic LJ. 1980. Wheat flour. Univ Novi Sad.
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