Add: 'Frl has been mapped to the mid-region of 5AL,
2.1 cM distal from Xcdo504-5A and Xwg644-5A and proximal to Xpsr426-5A
(9542).'
W`1`I. itv: LD222*11/T.turgidum var. pyramidale
recognitum (9538).
Grain Hardness/Endosperm Texture (revised)
Grain hardness or endosperm texture significantly
influences flour milling extraction, flour properties, and end use.
Using a Brabender laboratory mill to produce bran samples, Law et al.
(560) showed that grain hardness was controlled by alleles at a single
locus. The dominant allele Ha controlling softness was present
in Chinese Spring, and the allele for hardness, ha, was present in Hope.
More recently, it was shown that soft wheat possesses greater levels
of a 15,000 kD starch granule protein, friabilin, than hard wheats (9520).
Ha (560). 5DS (560). v: Chinese Spring (560); Cappelle Desprez
(9520); Heron (1052,9520).
Ha (560). v: Falcon (1052,9520); Holdfast (9520).
s: CS*6/Cheyenne 5D (655); CS*6/Hope 5D (560).
Cappelle Desprez*/Besostaya
5D (9520).
The addition of King II rye chromosome 5R converted
Holdfast wheat from hard to soft (9520). A 14,500 kD rye analogue
was also isolated from 6x triticales that have soft texture (9520).
All ryes have soft texture.
Two genes for grain hardness were reported in (43).
Hg. itv: LD222*11/T. turgidum var. durum melanops
(9538).
Rht12. 5A (9531).
Rht12 delayed ear emergence by 6 days (9531).
P (9537). 7A or 7B (based on linkage of 0.2 with a gene for red coleoptile (9537)).
itv: LD222*11/T. turgidum var. Polonicum
(9538).
2. Pairing homoeologous
Ph1a. Not applicable - see ph2b (9516).
Insert after ph1c: The mutant lines with ph1b
and ph1c carry deletions of the chromosome segment possessing Ph1
in the respective parent lines (424, 9517).
Ph2b (9516).
Nor-A1: Add 'dv: T. monococcum (9587)' and add '167,
252, 607, 720' as references for T. spelta.
Nor-A3; Add '9587' as reference after 5AS and add
'T. monococcum' after 'dv:'
Nor-A7 (9502). 5AL (9502). v: CS; Cheyenne; Wichita.
tv: Langdon.
Nor-B6 (9502). 1BL (9502). v: CS; Cheyenne; Wichita.
tv: Langdon.
Nor-D8 (9502). 3DS (9502). v: Wichita.
Two sites designated temporarily as Nor-Ax and
Nor-Ay were identified in T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, but were
absent in ssp. urartu.
2. Enzymes
I. Acid phosphatase
Acph-Mv1 [9591].
[Aph-v (9591); Acph-Mv1 (9590)]. 4Mv (9591).
tr: H-93-33 (701).
Add comment 'Also, Wehling (9594) identified
four acid phosphatase loci in S. cereale, three of which are located in
7R.'
II. Alcohol dehydrogenase (Aliphatic)
Adh-C1 [9595]. G (9595). ad: T. aestivum cv.
Alcedo/Ae. Caudata line G.
Adh-Mv1: Add synonyms '[ADHu (701); Adh-Mv1 (9590)].'
III. Aminopeptidase
Amp-C1 [9595]. D (9595). ad: T. aestivum cv.Alcedo/Ae.caudata
line D.
Amp-R2: Add comment 'Linkage data indicating that
Amp-R2 is in 4RS has been reported (9582).'
V. á-Amylase
á-Amy-C1 [9595]. B (9595). ad: T. aestivum
cv.Alcedo/Ae.Caudata line B.
Immediately prior to beta-Amy-Agi1, insert:
'Two beta-Amy-Dt1 alleles were predominant in 60
accessions of T. tauschii (9593).'
After beta-Amy-Agi1, add:
beta-Amy-Eb1 (9588).
5EbL (9588). tr: 5ASú5EbL.
Revise the alpha-Amy1 listing as follows:
alpha-Amy1 [761,9519]. [Amy 6B2 (761), Amy-B2 (9519)]. 6BL
(761,9519). v: CS.
alpha-Amy1a [9519]. [alpha-Amy-B1a]. v: CS.
alpha-Amy1b [9519]. [alpha-Amy-B1b]. v: Jones Fife.
alpha-Amy1c [9519]. [alpha-Amy-B4]. v: T. durum ssp.
georgicum
The presence of alpha-Amy1 reported in (761)
was confirmed by segregational tests in a CS x Jones Fife population
and in a population derived from a tetraploid cross (9519).
The recombinations with alpha-Amy-B1 were 9.3 % and 22.3 %, respectively.
VI. Endopeptidase
Ep-Mv1 [9590]. [Ep-Mv1 (9590)].
7MvL. s: 7Mv(7D).
VII. Esterase
Immediately prior to Est-A1, insert:
'Genetic control of esterases [carboxylic ester hydrolases
(E.C.3.1.1.1)] recently has been the subject of a
comparative study (9554).
EST-1 is a dimeric enzyme that electrofocuses around
pH 4.0 and is expressed in all tissues except endosperm (9554).'
Est-H1; change reference to (9554).
Add:
Est-S11 (9554).
3Sl (9554). ad: CS/Ae.longissima.
Immediately prior to Est-A2, insert:
'EST-2 is a coleoptile-specific monomeric enzyme
that electrofocuses at low pI.'
Immediately prior to Est-A3, insert:
'EST-3 is a monomeric enzyme that is expressed in
young seedlings (this enzyme was not observed in 9554).'
Add:
Est-H3 (361). 7H (361). ad: CS/Betzes.
Immediately prior to Est-A4, insert:
'EST-4 is a monomeric, leaf-specific enzyme that
electrofocuses around pH 4.5.'
Immediately prior to Est-A5, insert:
'EST-5 consists of 20 or more monomeric, grain-specific
isozymes that electrofocus between pH 5.6 and 7.0.'
Modify the sentence immediately prior to Est-A6 to:
'EST-6 is a dimeric enzyme that electrofocuses around
pH 7.6 and is specific to endosperm.'
Modify the sentence that begins, "Three alleles
at Est-Dt5 ...., to 'Three and six alleles at Est-Dt5 (in T. tauschii)
were reported in 546 and 9593, respectively.'
Add:
Est-R6 (9546). 2RS (9546). ma: DS2 x RxL10.
Modify the sentence immediately prior to Est-A7 to:
'EST-7 is a monomeric enzyme that electrofocuses
in the same region as EST-6 but is specific to green tissues.'
Add:
'EST-8 consists of about 10 isozymes that electofocus
between pH 4.5 and 6.5 and are expressed only in vegetative tissues.
EST-8 is likely to be the enzyme previously described in 659 and 449.
Est-A8 [449](9554) [Est-A6(449)] 3AL (449). v: CS.
Est-B8 [440](9554) [Est-B6(449)] 3BL (449). v: CS.
Est-D8 [440](9554) [Est-D6(449)] 3DL (449). v: CS.
Est-R8 [440](9554) 6RL (9554).ad:
CS/Imperial, King II.
EST-9 is a monomeric enzyme that electrofocuses around
pH 5.0 and is expressed only in embryos.
Est-A9 (9954). 3AS (9954). v: CS.
Est-B9 (9554). 3BS (9954). v: CS.
Est-D9 (9554). 3DS (9954). v: CS.'
Add the following comments at the end of the Esterase
section:
'EST-2, EST-5 and EST-8 are controlled by genes on
3L, and, where a recombination test was possible between Est-D5 and
Est-D8, no segregation was observed. The different gene symbols
have been retained because of the different tissue specificities and
polymerisation profiles of the enzymes. The same arguments surround
the EST-1 and EST-6 genes located in the 3S arms (9554).
The Est-6 gene of rye has been mapped (181), and the Est-6 genes of wheat have been mapped comparatively in the proximal region of 2S (186).
The Est-2, Est-5, and Est-8 loci have been mapped
to the extreme distal region in the 3L arms (185).'
VIII. Glucosephosphate isomerase
Immediately prior to Gpi-Agi1, insert
'No alleleic variation at Gpi-Dt1 was found in
60 accessions of T. tauschii (9593).'
IX. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
Got-C3 [9595]. F (9595). ad: T. aestivum cv.
Alcedo/Ae. caudata line C.
Got-R2: Add synonym '[Got3 (9594)].'
Got-R3: Add synonym '[Got4 (9594)].'
Got-R4: Add synonym '[Got2 (9594)].'
Add comment 'Wehling (9594) has identified a GOT
locus designated Got1 in 4RL of S. cereale.'
XVII. Shikimate dehydrogenase
Skdh-Mv1 [9590]. [Skdh-Mv1 (9590)].
5Mv. s: 5Mv(5A), 5Mv(5D).
XX. Aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase
Aadh-C1 [9595]. C (9595). ad: T. aestivum cv.
Alcedo/Ae. caudata line C.
XXI. Aconitase
Aco-Mv2 [9590]. [Aco-Mv2 (9590)].
5Mv. s: 5Mv(5A), 5Mv(5D).
XXV. Adenylate kinase
Adk-Mv1 [9590]. [Adk-Mv1 (9590)].
7MvL. s: 7Mv(7D).
3. Endosperm storage proteins
I. Glutenins
Seven transfers of Glu-D1a and 10 of Glu-D1d (5 +
10) from chromosome 1D to chromosome 1A in triticale were described (9521).
4. Protease inhibitors
Add:
III. Inhibitors of alpha-amylase and subtilisin
Isa-A1 (9553). 2AL (9553). v: CS.
Isa-A1a (9553). v: CS.
Isa-A1b (null) (9553). v: Cajenne 71.
Isa-B1 (9553) 2BL (9553). v: CS.
Isa-B1a (9553). v: CS.
Isa-B1b (9553). v: Bihar.
Isa-D1 (9553). 2DL (9553). v: CS.
Orthologous genes were identified in Ae. speltoides
and T. timopheevi (9553). All durum wheats investigated
had the genotype Isa-A1b, Isa-B1b.