Cornell University
Department of Plant Breeding and
Biometry, Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
1994 winter wheat production.
The 1994 soft white winter
wheat crop for New York was 120,000 acres, slightly below average
for the state. Yield was estimated to be 53 bu/acre, 7 bu/acre
above than 1993. For 1994, temperature was near normal, however,
precipitation was 6 cm above normal. Excessive precipitation
was received in March and June, but May and July were well below
normal. Projected acreage for 1995 is 125,000.
Harus and Geneva are the
cultivars currently recommended to New York farmers. A new white
wheat, Pioneer Brand 2737W, has performed well in regional trials
and is gaining in popularity. Limited quantities of certified
seed of Batavia (NY73116-4W) were available this past fall.
NY262-37-422 (reselection of NY262-37-10W) has been approved
for release under the name Cayuga. Batavia has moderate
resistance to sprouting and improved yield, whereas NY262-37-10W
has very good resistance to preharvest sprouting, high test weight,
but yield is slightly below that of Geneva. Cayuga breeder seed
was planted this past fall for foundation seed production.
Susquehanna soft red winter
wheat was first available to farmers for 1991 production and still
is grown widely. Other soft red varieties that are performing
well include Pioneer Brand 2548 and 2510. The soft red winter
market class is gaining popularity, especially following years
with considerable damage from preharvest sprouting in the white
wheats.
Production of hard red spring
wheat continues at a low level. Stoa and related lines have demonstrated
very good milling and baking quality and yield performance. We
have made arrangements with North Dakota State University to release
ND594. We currently are producing breeder seed and will name
this variety late this year.
In collaboration with Phillippe
Leroy and colleges (INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France), a complete
RFLP linkage map for hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)
was constructed in the cross `M6/Opata-85'.
More than 1,100 markers have been placed on the map. A large
number of the probes used for the wheat mapping were obtained
from other researchers, who had used them for mapping in barley
or T. tauschii. Except for the ancestral 4A-FONT SIZE=2 FACE="Times New Roman"5A-7B
translocation in wheat, the wheat and barley genomes appear to
be largely homosequential, indicating that much of the mapping
and trait data should be transferable between these two species.
Consensus maps were developed for all seven triticeae chromosomes.
The consensus map for chromosome 1 included seven wheat, four
barley, and two rye maps and consists of 14 agronomically important
genes, 17 DNA markers derived from known-function clones, and
76 DNA markers derived from anonymous clones. These consensus
maps greatly facilitate the integration of genetic and agronomic
information from different maps and species.
Comparative mapping.
Comparative maps, covering more than 90 % of the respective RFLP
maps, have been constructed for wheat (barley) and rice or maize
or oat. A high percentage of the linkage groups appear to be
conserved. The wheat/rice comparison showed that approximately
87 % of the gene order in the genome is conserved, whereas 91
% was conserved for the wheat/maize comparison. The wheat/oat
comparison indicated 85 % conservation of gene order. The comparative
mapping information is useful for mapping trait loci, gene cloning,
and studies of evolution. We plan to focus more on mapping of
known genes and traits in the near future.
Spindle streak mosaic virus
resistance. In
collaboration with Dr. G. Bergstrom, we developed a recombinant
inbred population from the cross `Geneva
x Augusta'
for the purpose of mapping resistance to WSSMV. We have scored
visual symptoms of this virus, and it appears to segregate as
a single gene. RFLP mapping has been initiated.
Milling and baking quality.
We evaluated the `Clark's
Cream x NY6432-18'
mapping population for the third year for milling and baking quality
traits with the goal of mapping those genes. We have identified
genes controlling flour protein concentration, alkaline water
retention capacity, and flour yield.
Molecular markers.
We have identified RFLP markers for the following genes (reference
number is in parenthesis): Pm1 (3), Pm2 (3), Pm3
(3), Pm4 (3), Lr9 (1), Lr19 (1), Lr24
(1), Lr32 (1), Rf3 (4), Rf4 (4), Rf6
(4), Rf-U (5), Hf23 (2), Hf24 (2), Vrn1
(7), Vrn3 (7), R1 (6), R3 (6), Rc1
(7), and Lr34 (7).
Publications.
Autrique E, Singh RP, Tanksley
SD, and Sorrells ME. 1995. Molecular markers for four leaf rust
resistance genes introgressed into wheat from wild relatives.
Crop Sci (In Press).
Ma ZQ, Gill BS, Sorrells ME,
and Tanksley SD. 1993. RFLP markers linked to two Hessian fly-resistance
genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Triticum
tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. Theor Appl Genet 85:750-754.
Ma ZQ, Sorrells ME, and Tanksley
SD. 1994. RFLP markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes
Pm1, Pm2, Pm3 and Pm4 in wheat. Genome
37:871-875.
Ma ZQ and Sorrells ME. 1995.
Genetic analysis of fertility restoration in wheat using restriction
fragment length polymorphism. Crop Sci 35:In press.
Ma AQ, Zhao Y-H, and Sorrells
ME. 1995. Inheritance and chromosomal location of a male fertility
restoring gene transferred from Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk.
to Triticum aestivum L. Genome (In press).
Nelson JC, Van Deynze AE,
Autrique E, Sorrells ME, Lu YH, Negre S, Bernard M, and Leroy
P. 1995. Molecular Mapping of Wheat. Homoeologous Group 3.
Genome 38:In press.
Nelson JC, Van Deynze AE,
Autrique E, Sorrells ME, Lu YH , Merlino M, Atkinson M, and Leroy
P. 1995. Molecular Mapping of Wheat. Homoeologous Group 2.
Genome 38:In press.
Nelson JC, Sorrells ME, Van
Deynze AE, Lu YH, Atkinson M, Bernard M, Leroy P, Faris JD, and
Anderson JA. Molecular mapping of wheat. Homoeologous groups
4, 5, and 7. Genome (Submitted).
Roder MS, Plaschke J, Konig
SU, Boner A, Sorrells ME, Tanksley SD, Ganal MW. 1995. Abundance,
variability, and chromosomal location of microsatellites in wheat.
Mol Gen Genet (In Press).
Sorrells ME, Van Deynze A,
Nelson JC, and McCouch SR. 1995. Comparative Mapping in the
Gramineae. In: Classical and Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis,
Proc US-Japan Symp (Raupp WJ and Gill BS eds). March 21-23, 1995,
Kansas State University, Manhattan. (In press).
Van Deynze AE, Dubcovsky J,
Gill KS, Nelson JC, Sorrells ME, Dvorak J, Gill BS, Lagudah ES,
McCouch SR, and Appels R. 1995. Molecular-genetic maps for group
1 chromosomes of Triticeae species and their relation to chromosomes
in rice and oat. Genome 38:45-59.