OKLAHOMA

Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resistance

 

D.W. Mornhinweg

 

USDA-ARS Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit

Stillwater, Oklahoma

 

 

 

 

Greenhouse screening of the entire National Small Grains Collection of Hordeum vulgare identified 116 accessions with some level of RWA resistance according to Webster’s scale of 1-9 (1= no damage and 9=dead).  116 unadapted homozygous resistant lines were developed from these accessions.  Of these 116, 69 rated as resistant (1-3) and 47 rated moderately resistant to moderately susceptible (4-6).

 

A prebreeding program was designed to bring resistance genes from unadapted germplasm lines into adapted malting and feed barley backgrounds for all barley growing regions in the U.S.  Because of the potential in aphids to develop new biotypes, many different sources of resistance were utilized in the backcross breeding program.  Unadapted RWA-resistant lines as males were repeatedly backcrossed to cultivars adapted to barley production areas.  Each adapted line developed had a time commitment of approximately 7 years from the first cross until BC3F3 lines could be evaluated as observation lines in the field.   Spring lines were developed at a slightly accelerated pace because of the potential for 2 generations per season.  Once selections were made in applicable field locations, these lines entered replicated preliminary yield trials for several years before final selections were made for germplasm release.  

 

Sixty adapted germplasm lines have been released to date (Table 1). Seven, RWA-resistant winter feed barley germplasm lines (STARS 0501B – STARS 0507B) were released in 2005.  These lines involved 7 different sources of resistance each in a Schuyler background.  In 2006, 43 RWA-resistant spring germplasm lines were released.  STARS 0601B – STARS 0619B involved 19 different sources of resistance in 4, spring, 6-rowed,malting barely backgrounds (Excel, Morex, Robust and Stander).   STARS 0620B –STARS 0636B involved 17 different sources of resistance in 4, spring, 2-rowed, malting barley backgrounds (B1202, Crest, Crystal, and Harrington).  STARS 0637B – STARS 0643B involved 5 different sources of resistance in 3, spring, 2-rowed, feed barley backgrounds (Bowman, Hector, and Otis).  The 2006 spring germplasm releases involved 31 different sources of RWA resistance.  Eight, RWA-resistant, winter feed barley lines (STARS 1006B – STARS 1013B) were released in 2010. These lines have dual aphid resistance with Rsg1 greenbug resistance from Post 90 as well as RWA resistance from 8 different unadapted sources.   These 60 germplasm releases have resistance from a total of 40 different sources.  The determination of the number of different RWA-resistant genes in these 40 sources is underway. 

 

 Four RWA-resistant cultivars have been released to date. ‘Burton’, a spring, 2-rowed, feed barley released in 2004 cooperatively by USDA-ARS Aberdeen, USDA-ARS- Stillwater, Idaho, Colorado, Nebraska, and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Stations, was the first RWA-resistant barley cultivar developed in the US. Burton has resistance from STARS 9301B.  ‘Stoneham’ and ‘Sidney’ barleys were released in the spring of 2006 by USDA-ARS, Stillwater, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, and the Colorado and Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Stations.  Sidney and Stoneham are drought hardy, spring, 2-rowed, RWA-resistant feed cultivars developed for the hot, dry, high plains of eastern Colorado and western Nebraska.  Both have RWA resistance in an Otis background.  Sidney has resistance from STARS 9301B and Stoneham has resistance from STARS 9577B.  Resistance in both lines hold up to all currently described RWA biotypes.  ‘RWA 1758’, a RWA-resistant, 2-rowed, spring feed barley in a Baronesse background was released cooperatively by USDA-ARS Aberdeen and USDA-ARS Stillwater in 2007. RWA1758 has resistance from STARS 9577B. Sidney, Stoneham and RWA1758 came directly from the Prebreeding program.

 

 

Table 1. RWA-resistant barley germplasm lines released by USDA-ARS

 

 

 

 

Line

 

 

Pedigree

 

Source accession

RWA rating+

 

Row type

 

Growth habit

STARS 9301B

R027

PI 366450

2F

6

Spring

STARS 9577B

R006

CIho 4165

3F

6

spring

STARS 0501B

‘Schuyler’*4/R011

CIho 10687

2F

6

winter

STARS 0502B

‘Schuyler’*4/R001

CIho 1412

2F

6

winter

STARS 0503B

‘Schuyler’*4/R035

CIho 6347

3F

6

winter

STARS 0504B

‘Schuyler’*4/R037

CIho 10684

3F

6

winter

STARS 0505B

‘Schuyler’*4/R017

CIho 10721

2F

6

winter

STARS 0506B

‘Schuyler’*4/R049

CIho 9990

3F

6

winter

STARS 0507B

‘Schuyler’*4/R009

CIho 6925

2F

6

winter

STARS 0601B

‘Excel’*4/STARS 9577B

CIho 4165

3F

6

spring

STARS 0602B

‘Excel’*4/R010

CIho 10679

2F

6

spring

STARS 0603B

‘Excel’*4/MR055

PI 564601

4R

6

spring

STARS 0604B

‘Morex’*4/R001

CIho 1412

2F

6

spring

STARS 0605B

‘Morex’*4/R007

CIho 4166

3F

6

spring

STARS 0606B

‘Morex’*4/R009

CIho 6925

2F

6

spring

STARS 0607B

‘Morex’*4/R011

CIho 10687

2F

6

spring

STARS 0608B

‘Morex’*4/R016

CIho 10712

2F

6

spring

STARS 0609B

‘Morex’*4/R018

CIho 12258

3F

6

spring

STARS 0610B

‘Morex’*4/R019

CIho 13134

2F

6

spring

STARS 0611B

‘Morex’*4/R028

PI 366453

2F

6

spring

STARS 0612B

‘Morex’*4/R033

CIho 6316

3F

6

spring

STARS 0613B

‘Morex’*4/R043

PI 556966

3F

6

spring

STARS 0614B

‘Morex’*4/R052

CIho 6349

3F

6

spring

STARS 0615B

‘Morex’*4/R053

CIho 13695

3F

6

spring

STARS 0616B

‘Morex’*4/R054

CIho 14242

3F

6

spring

STARS 0617B

‘Robust’*4/R026

PI 366449

3F

6

spring

STARS 0618B

‘Robust’*4/R029

PI 366454

3F

6

spring

STARS 0619B

‘Stander’*4/STARS 9301B

PI 366450

2F

6

spring

STARS 0620B

‘B1202’*4/STARS 9301B

PI 366450

2F

2

spring

STARS 0621B

‘B1202’*4/STARS 9577B

CIho 4165

3F

2

spring

STARS 0622B

‘B1202’*4/R034

CIho 6322

3F

2

spring

STARS 0623B

‘B1202’*4/R040

CIho 14679

3F

2

spring

STARS 0624B

‘B1202’*4/R044

PI 564608

3F

2

spring

STARS 0625B

‘Crest’*4/R021

PI 328692

3F

2

spring

STARS 0626B

‘Crystal’*4/R004

CIho 4125

3F

2

spring

STARS 0627B

‘Crystal’*4/R009

CIho 6925

2F

2

spring

STARS 0628B

‘Crystal’*4/R023

PI 366444

2F

2

spring

STARS 0629B

‘Crystal’*4/MR001

CIho 3694

4R

2

spring

STARS 0630B

‘Crystal’*4/MR009

CIho 10587

4R

2

spring

STARS 0631B

‘Crystal’*4/MR013

CIho 11958

4R

2

spring

STARS 0632B

‘Crystal’*4/MR022

CIho 14259

4R

2

spring

STARS 0633B

‘Harrington’*4/R002

CIho 2432

3F

2

spring

STARS 0634B

‘Harrington’*4/R003

CIho 2436

3F

2

spring

STARS 0635B

‘Harrington’*4/R029

PI 366454

2F

2

spring

STARS 0636B

‘Harrington’*4/R043

PI 556966

3F

2

spring

STARS 0637B

‘Bowman’*4/ STARS 9577B

CIho 4165

3F

2

spring

STARS 0638B

‘Bowman’*4/R041

CIho 14806

3F

2

spring

STARS 0639B

‘Bowman’*4/R043

PI 566966

3F

2

spring

STARS 0640B

‘Hector’ *4/ STARS 9301B

PI 366450

2F

2

spring

STARS 0641B

‘Hector’ *4/R003

CIho 2436

3F

2

spring

STARS 0642B

‘Otis’ *4/ STARS 9577B

CIho 4165

3F

2

spring

STARS 0643B

‘Otis’ *4/ STARS 9301B

PI 366450

2F

2

spring

STARS 1006B !

‘Post 90’*4/R010

CIho 14679

3F

6

winter

STARS 1007B !

‘Post 90’*4/R036

CIho 10683

3F

6

winter

STARS 1008B !

‘Post 90’*4/R037

CIho 10684

3F

6

winter

STARS 1009B !

‘Post 90’*4/R011

CIho 10687

3F

6

winter

STARS 1010B !

‘Post 90’*4/R038

CIho 10689

3F

6

winter

STARS 1011B !

‘Post 90’*4/R012

CIho 10706

3F

6

winter

STARS 1012B !

‘Post 90’*4/R015

CIho 10711

2F

6

winter

STARS 1013B !

‘Post 90’*4/R019

CIho 13134

3F

6

winter

 

+ Rating based on Webster’s scale of 1-3 resistant, 4-6 moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, and 7-9 susceptible; F =flat, R=rolled.

! Also greenbug resistant (Rsg1)

 

         

Personnel

 

Germplasm Enhancement

            Dolores W. Mornhinweg, Geneticist

                                   

Cooperators

            Phil Bregitzer, Research Geneticist, USDA_ARS, Aberdeen, ID

            Harlod Bockelman, Supervisory Agronomist and Curator, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID

            Don Obert, Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID

            Phil Bregitzer, Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID

            Frank Piears, Professor, Colorado State University

            Bob Hammond, Professor, Colorado State University

            Gary Hein, Professor, University of Nebraka

            Gary Puterka, Research Entomologist, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK

            John Burd, Research Entomologist, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK

           

           

 

Recent Publications

 

 

Bregitzer, P, D.W. Mornhinweg, and B.L. Jones.  2003. Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid Damage Derived from STARS-9301B Protects Agronomic Performance and Malting Quality When Transferred to Adapted Barley Germplasm. Crop Sci. 43: 2050 – 2057.

 

Bregitzer, P., D.W. Mornhinweg, R. Hammon, M. Stack, D.D. Baltensperger, G.L. Hein, M.K. O’Neill, J.C. Whitmore, and D.J. Fiedler.  2005.  Registration of ‘Burton’ Barley.  Crop Sci. 45: 1166-1167.

 

Bregitzer, P., Mornhinweg, D. W., Obert, D. E., and Windes, J.  2008. Registration of ‘RWA 1758’ Russian wheat aphid-resistant spring barley. J. Plant Reg. 2(1):5-9.

 

Mittal, S., Dahleen, L. S., and Mornhinweg, D. W.  2008.  Locations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring Russian wheat aphid resistance in barley germplasm STARS 9301B.  Crop Sci: 48: 1452-1458.

 

Mittal, S., L.S. Dahleen, and D.W. Mornhinweg.  2009.  Barley Germplasm STARS 9577B Lacks a Russian wheat aphid resistance allele at a quantitative trait locus present in STARS 9301B.  Crop Sci. 49:1-6.

 

Mornhinweg, D.W., L.H. Edwards, E.L. Smith, G.H. Morgan, B.F. Carver, J.A. Webster, and D.R. Porter.  2004.  Registration of Post 90 Barley.  Crop Sci. 44: 2263.

 

Mornhinweg, D.W., M.J. Brewer, and D.R. Porter. 2006. Effect of Russian wheat aphid on yield and yield components of field grown susceptible and resistant spring barley.  Crop Sci 46:36-42.

 

Mornhinweg, D.W., D.E. Obert, D.M. Wesenberg, C.A. Erickson, and D.R. Porter. 2006.  Registration of seven winter feed barley germplasms resistant to Russian wheat aphid.  Crop Sci. 46:1826-1827.

 

Mornhinweg, D. W., Bregitzer, P., and Porter, D. R.  2006. Registration of   nineteen spring six-rowed barley germplasm lines resistant to Russian wheat aphid.  J. Plant Reg. 1(2): 37-138.

 

Mornhinweg, D. W., Bregitzer, P., and Porter, D. R.  2007. Registration of   seventeen spring two-rowed barley germplasm lines resistant to Russian      wheat aphid.  J. Plant Reg. 1(2): 135-136.

 

Mornhinweg, D.W., Bregitzer, P., and Porter, D. R.  2008.  Registration of seven   spring two-rowed barley germplasm lines resistant to Russian wheat aphid.  J. Plant Reg. 2(3):135-136.

 

Mornhinweg, D.W., P.P. Bregitzer, D.R. Porter, F.B.Peairs, D.D. Baltensperger,    G.L. Hein, T.A. Randloph, M. Koch, and T. Walker.  2009. Registration of ‘Sidney’ spring feed barley resistant to Russian wheat aphid.  J Plant Reg. 3:214-218.

 

Porter, D. R., Burd, J. D., and Mornhinweg, D. W.  2007. Differentiating      greenbug resistance genes in barley.  Euphytica 153:11-14.

 

Porter, D.R., and D.W. Mornhinweg. 2004. New sources of Greenbug Resistance in Barley.  Crop Sci. 44: 1245-1247.

 

Porter, D.R., and D.W. Mornhinweg. 2004.  Characterization of greenbug resistance in barley.  Plant Breeding 23(5): 493-494.

Puterka, G., J. Burd, D.W. Mornhinweg, S. Haley, and F.B. Peairs. 2006.  Response of resistant and susceptible barley to infestations of five Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera Aphididae) biotypes.  J. of Econ. Entomol. 99(6):2151-2155.

 

Shufran, K.A., Mornhinweg, D. W., Baker, C. A., and Porter, D. R.  2007.Variation to cause host injury between Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) clones virulent to Dn4 wheat. J. Econ. Entomol. 100(5):1685-1691.