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GrainGenes Reference Report: ASA-36-768

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Reference	ASA-36-768
Title	Characteristics and origin of Blackhull wheats
Journal	Agronomy Journal
Year	1944
Volume	36
Pages	768-778
Author	Heyne E Reitz L
Abstract	Blackhull, Superhard, Clarkan, Kanhull, Chiefkan, and Red Chief wheats were developed by Earl G Clark, a farmer wheat breeder living near Sedgwick, Kans Early Blackhull was selected by A.P. Haeberle, a farmer living near Clearwater, Kans. These are designated 'Blackhull wheats' in this discussion. All of these varieties have high test weight, good yield, and attractive appearance. The varieties differ in kernel characters. Blackhull is softer than Turkey, Superhard is similar in size and shape to Blackhull, but is harder in texture and does not bleach readily in the field. Red Chief and Chiefkan have the sway-back character sometimes found in Harvest Queen and other soft wheats. Red Chief, like Superhard, is resistant to weather-bleaching in the field. Clarkan is a soft wheat with a short, plump, fairly dark-colored berry. Grain from the varieties with hard texture almost never show any yellowberry. Blackhull wheats have a rather short wheat meal fermentation time, thick bran, flour yield not as high as the test weight would indicate, and a short dough-mixing time. Blackhull has been accepted by the trade as a hard wheat and Clarkan as a soft wheat. Apparently Chiefkan, Red Chief, Superhard, and Early Blackhull are not equal to Blackhull in baking characteristics. The Blackhull wheats are not so winterhardy as Turkey. All the members of this group are susceptible to loose smut and bunt but have some tolerance to hessian fly. Blackhull and Chiefkan have tolerance to leaf and stem rust. These wheats have a characteristic yellowing or chlorotic stippling of the leaves that is variable in expression from season to season and cross was inherited as a simple recessive factor. A lethal complementary factor Le2, commonly found in soft but not in hard varieties, is carried by the Blackhull wheats.
Keyword	agronomic-characteristics [ Show all 15 ]

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