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GrainGenes Reference Report: JPA-3-30

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Reference	JPA-3-30
Title	A historical perspective for the establishment of research goals for wheat improvement
Journal	Journal of Production Agriculture
Year	1990
Volume	3
Pages	30-38
Author	Patterson F Shaner G Ohm H Foster J
Abstract	Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L em Thell.) production in Indiana suffers losses from winter weather, diseases, and insects--all of which can be reduced by breeding more resistant cultivars. Our purpose was to estimate these losses from 1956 to 1988 to aid in selecting future research goals and to recommend cultivars for release and production. Data were obtained from many sources, including statistical publications, published disease and insect losses, and cultivar performance. We made estimates from observations in breeding and research nurseries. Disease losses were estimated from unprotected vs. sprayed plots, comparisons of resistant vs. susceptible cultivars, the regression of yield on disease severity, and from disease severity. The diseases considered were powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotches and head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, early spring root and crown rots, snow mold, take-all, loose smut, scab, spindle-streak, and barley yellow dwarf. Losses due to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] were estimated from spring infestation levels in relation to yield losses previously established by research. The average abandonment of the wheat crop due to low winter survival was 7% for the 33-yr. The average annual loss to diseases was estimated at 11.5%. Foliar diseases accounted for most of the loss. Losses to Hessian fly were low as a result of the use of resistant cultivars and planting after the fly-free date. Development and use of more winterhardy, high-yielding cultivars with resistance to diseases and insects reduce losses in wheat production. Since specific resistances to diseases and insects are usually only effective for 8 to 10 yr, and 10 to 12 yr are required to develop a cultivar. resistances not previously deployed should be used in initiating crosses for new cultivars. This will require expanded effort in germplasm enhancement for disease and insect resistances.
Keyword	agricultural-research [ Show all 16 ]

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