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GrainGenes Reference Report: JID-96-189

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Reference	JID-96-189
Title	Response of durum wheat cultivars to Algerian environments - II. Adaptive traits
Journal	Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development
Year	2002
Volume	96
Pages	189-208
Author	Annicchiarico P [ Show all 15 ]
Abstract	Morphophysiological traits of 24 durum wheat cultivars grown for 2 years in 17 Algerian locations were evaluated to: (i) elucidate reasons for the occurrence of genotype x location interaction; (ii) identify traits contributing to wide and to specific adaptation; and (iii) to evaluate the value of these traits as indirect selection criteria. Higher grain yield in more favourable (milder-winter, higher-rainfall) locations was associated with short plant stature, early heading and maturity, and high yield potential as expressed by high spike fertility and many fertile tillers. Intermediate heading time, high levels of the 2 yield components, and better tolerance to winter cold and late frosts proved useful for adaptation to unfavourable sites. The incidence of black rust, yellow rust, Septoria and lodging was negligible. Tolerance to occasional attacks of brown rust and powdery mildew had limited adaptive value. Days to heading and to maturity, and plant height, showed high heritability due to high genetic variance and only moderate genotype-environmental and experimental error variances. Heritability was fairly high for tolerance to brown rust and powdery mildew; moderate for spike fertility, seed weight, grain yield and peduncle length; low for density of fertile tillers; and negligible for early vigour and grain filling period, due to low genetic variance. Cold and frost tolerance showed very low heritability due to large GE interaction. Combining into a unique plant type, all the traits conferring adaptation to Algerian environments is not easy, since optimal heading time differs between favourable and unfavourable sites, and the traits of general interest possess relatively low heritability. Heading date may play a key role for preliminary selection of specifically-adapted material. Genotypes bred at international research centers may more easily adapt to favourable sites. Novel germplasm for unfavourable sites should maintain the stress tolerance of traditional varieties while, incorporating earlier heading, more fertile tillers and higher spike fertility
Keyword	adaptation [ Show all 28 ]

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