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GrainGenes Reference Report: CLM-10-1421

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Reference	CLM-10-1421
Title	Host-specific toxins: effectors of necrotrophic pathogenicity.
Journal	Cellular Microbiology
Year	2008
Volume	10
Pages	1421-1428
Author	Friesen TL Faris JD Solomon PS Oliver RP
Abstract	Host-specific toxins (HSTs) are defined as pathogen effectors that induce toxicity and promote disease only in the host species and only in genotypes of that host expressing a specific and often dominant susceptibility gene. They are a feature of a small but well-studied group of fungal plant pathogens. Classical HST pathogens include species of Cochliobolus, Alternaria and Pyrenophora. Recent studies have shown that Stagonospora nodorum produces at least four separate HSTs that interact with four of the many quantitative resistance loci found in the host, wheat. Rationalization of fungal phylogenetics has placed these pathogens in the Pleosporales order of the class Dothideomycetes. It is possible that all HST pathogens lie in this order. Strong evidence of the recent lateral gene transfer of the ToxA gene from S. nodorum to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been obtained. Hallmarks of lateral gene transfer are present for all the studied HST genes although definitive proof is lacking. We therefore suggest that the Pleosporales pathogens may have a conserved propensity to acquire HST genes by lateral transfer.
External Databases	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01153.x

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