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GrainGenes Reference Report: TAG-136:237

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Reference	TAG-136:237
Title	Wheat bZIPC1 interacts with FT2 and contributes to the regulation of spikelet number per spike
Journal	Theoretical and Applied Genetics
Year	2023
Volume	136
Author	Glenn P [ Show all 6 ]
Abstract	Loss-of-function mutations and natural variation in the gene FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) in wheat have previously been shown to affect spikelet number per spike (SNS). However, while other FT-like wheat proteins interact with bZIP-containing transcription factors from the A-group, FT2 does not interact with any of them. In this study, we used a yeast-two-hybrid screen with FT2 as bait and identified a grass-specific bZIP-containing transcription factor from the C-group, designated here as bZIPC1. Within the C-group, we identified four clades including wheat proteins that show Y2H interactions with different sets of FT-like and CEN-like encoded proteins. bZIPC1 and FT2 expression partially overlap in the developing spike, including the inflorescence meristem. Combined loss-of-function mutations in bZIPC-A1 and bZIPC-B1 (bzipc1) in tetraploid wheat resulted in a drastic reduction in SNS with a limited effect on heading date. Analysis of natural variation in the bZIPC-B1 (TraesCS5B02G444100) region revealed three major haplotypes (H1-H3), with the H1 haplotype showing significantly higher SNS, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike than both the H2 and H3 haplotypes. The favorable effect of the H1 haplotype was also supported by its increased frequency from the ancestral cultivated tetraploids to the modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheat varieties. We developed markers for the two non-synonymous SNPs that differentiate the bZIPC-B1b allele in the H1 haplotype from the ancestral bZIPC-B1a allele present in all other haplotypes. These diagnostic markers are useful tools to accelerate the deployment of the favorable bZIPC-B1b allele in pasta and bread wheat breeding programs.
External Databases	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04484-x
Gene	bZIPC1 (Triticum)
Probe	bZIPC1-4229 bZIPC1-4272
Summarized in	Glenn P and Dubcovsky J MAS Wheat. Bringing Genomics to the Wheat Fields. Spikelet number per spike gene bZIPC1 MAS Wheat. Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat.

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