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GrainGenes Reference Report: COP-12-178

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Reference	COP-12-178
Title	Regulation of flowering in temperate cereals
Journal	Current Opinion in Plant Biology
Year	2009
Volume	12
Pages	178-184
Author	Distelfeld A Dubcovsky J
Abstract	Long exposure to cold (vernalization) accelerates flowering in winter cereals, a process regulated by the VRN1 (AAP1), VRN2, and VRN3 (~FT) vernalization genes. Flowering during the fall is prevented by the VRN2 downregulation of VRN3 and low VRN1 transcription. Vernalization induces VRN1, which is followed by the downregulation of VRN2, thereby releasing VRN3. In the longer days of spring, photoperiod genes PPD1 and CO upregulate VRN3, which induces VRN1 above the threshold levels required for flowering initiation. VRN3 transcription is modulated through interactions involving CCT-domain proteins and HAP2/HAP3/HAP5 complexes coded by multiple genes. The vast number of HAP-CCT combinations can provide the flexibility required for integrating seasonal cues and different stress signals in the regulation of the transition to flowering.
External Databases	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.12.010
Gene	bZIPC1 (Triticum)
Summarized in	Glenn P and Dubcovsky J MAS Wheat. Bringing Genomics to the Wheat Fields. Spikelet number per spike gene bZIPC1 MAS Wheat. Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat.

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