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GrainGenes Gene Class Report: Response to vernalization (Triticum)

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Gene Class	Response to vernalization (Triticum)
Reference	Chen Y et al. (2009) Genetic loci associated with stem elongation and winter dormancy release in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 118:881-889. [ Show all 9 ]
LINK	Response to vernalization gene class at Komugi: Catalogue of Gene Symbols for Wheat
Abbreviation	Vrn
See Also	Spring habit of growth Winter habit of growth Response to vernalization (Hordeum) Response to vernalization (Avena) Response to vernalization (Secale)
Character affected	Phenology
Gene	Vrn1 (Triticum) [ Show all 13 ]
QTL	QGh.NSGC-Mrg06
Allele	Vrn1 (Triticum) [ Show all 29 ]
Locus	Vrn1 [ Show all 9 ]
Sequence	AY244508 AY244509
Comment	Two genes may determine differences between winter wheats requiring 20 days and 60-65 days of vernalization (Pugsley, 1973). Winter cultivars carry recessive alleles at all five Vrn loci. Differences among winter wheats with respect to vernalization requirements seem to be due to multiple recessive alleles (Gotoh, 1980). Stem-elongation in winter wheat: In regions where wheat is used as a dual purpose crop for grazing and grain production, a relatively long vegetative phase is required to maximize the vegetative tissue and to delay the stem elongation phase. Variation in this attribute occurs among winter wheats such as Jagger (early stem elongation) and 2174 (late elongation). In a Jagger/2174 RIL population, QTL for stem elongation included Qste.0cs-5A (associated with the Vrn-A1 locus, Qste.ocs-1BL, Qste.ocs-2D (associated with the Ppd-D1 locus) and Qste.ocs-6A (Millan et al., 1992). In 2007 the respective R2 values were 0.289, 0.155, 0.067 and 0.058. Jagger alleles on chromosome 5A, 1B and 6A promoted stem elongation whereas the allele on chromosome 2D had a delaying effect (Chen et al., 2009). Aneuploid and whole chromosome substitution experiments showed that all group 1 chromosomes of wheat carry genes affecting response to vernalization (Law et al., 1998). The requirement for vernalization is particularly important for winter cereals to avoid cold injury of the sensitive floral organs during the winter. In wheat, vernalization requirement is controlled by four major genes designated Vrn-1, Vrn-2, Vrn-3, and Vrn-4. The first three genes were identified using map based cloning approaches (Yan et al., 2003; Yan et al., 2004; Yan et al., 2006). Allelic variations at the Vrn-1 and Vrn-B3 loci in Chinese wheat cultivars are summarized in (Zhang et al., 2008).
Data Curator	Cooper, Laurel Nov-2020

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