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GrainGenes Reference Report: PHY-92-145

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Reference	PHY-92-145
Title	Evidence for oxidative stress involved in physiological leaf spot formation in winter and spring barley
Journal	Phytopathology
Year	2002
Volume	92
Pages	145-155
Author	Wu YX von Tiedemann A
Abstract	Summary: A leaf spot disease with unknown etiology has become more pronounced in spring and winter barley in Germany in recent years. The symptoms are similar to net blotch and Ramularia leaf spots, but the causal agents of these diseases are not identified. The symptom expression varied much on cultivars. Cultivars most affected by the disease of both spring and winter barley showed a significantly higher level of superoxide (O2-) production and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), but a lower level of antioxidant potential expressed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and integral water-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACW) than insensitive cultivars. A high positive correlation between O2- production and leaf spot development between ear emergence and milk ripeness was established in the most sensitive winter barley cv. Anoa (r(2) = 0.9622) and spring barley cv. Barke (r(2) = 0.9434). Leaf H(2)O(2) levels increased with the severity of leaf spots. The histochemical localization of O2- and H(2)O(2) in the tissues adjacent to leaf spots indicated that these two active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in the formation of leaf spots. Reduction of symptom severity by applying strobilurin and azole fungicides was always associated with elevated SOD activity and ACW content and suppressed O2- production. However, peroxidase activities were significantly higher in sensitive cultivars and in more severely affected tissues and decreased by applying fungicides. Thus, it is assumed that a possible genetic mechanism based on the imbalanced AOS metabolism contributes to formation of physiological leaf spots
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 58 ] active oxygen active oxygen species antioxidant antioxidant enzymes azole fungicide barley blotch capacity catalase causal agent cell-death contribute correlation cultivar disease ear ear emergence emergence etiology fungicides genetic mechanism germany h2o2 induced hypersensitive reaction leaf spot lesions lipid lipid peroxidation localization malondialdehyde mechanism metabolism milk necrosis net blotch nonparasitic leaf necrosis oxidative stress oxygen ozone peroxidase peroxidase-activity production reduction sensitive cultivars severity sod spot spot disease spring spring barley stress superoxide superoxide dismutase symptoms tissue toxicity winter winter barley

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