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GrainGenes Reference Report: PHY-91-440

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Reference	PHY-91-440
Title	Presence of Brome mosaic virus in barley guttation fluid and its association with localized cell death response
Journal	Phytopathology
Year	2001
Volume	91
Pages	440-448
Author	Ding XS Boydston CM Nelson RS
Abstract	Summary: Water exits from inside the leaf through transpiration or guttation. Under conditions to promote guttation, surface fluid (guttation fluid) from Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected barley, wheat, and maize plants was analyzed for the presence of the virus by biological and serological assays. We also investigated the route by which BMV exited infected cells to the intercellular space of the barley leaf. BMV was detected in guttation fluid from systemically infected barley leaves when the initial viral symptoms were observed on these leaves. The virus was also detected in guttation fluid from systemically infected wheat leaves, but not in maize leaves showing either systemic necrosis or chlorotic streaks. Interestingly, in BMV-infected barley leaves, but not in maize leaves showing chlorotic streaks, cell death occurred within and adjacent to veins. Staining of xylem and phloem networks in infected barley leaves with fluorescent dyes showed that xylem, and to a lesser extent phloem, were severely damaged and thus became leaky for dye transport. No such damage was observed in BMV-infected maize leaves showing chlorotic streaks. We propose that in infected barley leaves, BMV exits from damaged vein cells (especially the xylem elements), accumulates in intercellular spaces, and then reaches the surface of the leaves through stomata during guttation or transpiration. In nature, BMV may be carried to adjacent plants and cause infection by movement of vertebrate and invertebrate vectors among infected plants exuding guttation fluid
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 41 ] assay barley barley leaves brome mosaic bromovirus cell cell death cell ultrastructure cultivar damage death developmental stages element exudates genetic variation guttation hordeum vulgare immunocytochemistry infected cells infection localization maize maize plants mosaic virus movement necrosis pathogenicity phloem plant anatomy stomata surface symptoms transpiration transport triticum aestivum vascular bundles vector virus water wheat leaves xylem zea mays

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