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GrainGenes Reference Report: NAT-425-973

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Reference	NAT-425-973
Title	SNARE-protein-mediated disease resistance at the plant cell wall
Journal	Nature
Year	2003
Volume	425
Pages	973-977
Author	Collins NC [ Show all 10 ]
Abstract	Summary: Failure of pathogenic fungi to breach the plant cell wall constitutes a major component of immunity of non-host plant species--species outside the pathogen host range--and accounts for a proportion of aborted infection attempts on 'susceptible' host plants (basal resistance). Neither form of penetration resistance is understood at the molecular level. We developed a screen for penetration (pen) mutants of Arabidopsis, which are disabled in non-host penetration resistance against barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, and we isolated the PEN1 gene. We also isolated barley ROR2, which is required for basal penetration resistance against B. g. hordei. The genes encode functionally homologous syntaxins, demonstrating a mechanistic link between non-host resistance and basal penetration resistance in monocotyledons and dicotyledons. We show that resistance in barley requires a SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein, molecular mass 25 kDa) homologue capable of forming a binary SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex with ROR2. Genetic control of vesicle behaviour at penetration sites, and plasma membrane location of PEN1/ROR2, is consistent with a proposed involvement of SNARE-complex-mediated exocytosis and/or homotypic vesicle fusion events in resistance. Functions associated with SNARE-dependent penetration resistance are dispensable for immunity mediated by race-specific resistance (R) genes, highlighting fundamental differences between these two resistance forms
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 40 ] arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana barley behaviour blumeria blumeria-graminis cell cell wall complexes control difference disease erysiphe graminis f failure fungi gene graminis hordei hordeum vulgare host host plants host-plant infection involvement membrane membrane protein mildew nucleotide sequence pathogen penetration penetration resistance plant pathogenic fungi plant proteins plasma powdery mildew protein receptor resistance susceptible wall

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