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GrainGenes Reference Report: JEB-51-9

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Reference	JEB-51-9
Title	Wild barley: a source of genes for crop improvement in the 21st century?
Journal	Journal of Experimental Botany
Year	2000
Volume	51
Pages	9-17
Author	Ellis RP [ Show all 7 ]
Abstract	Summary: The development of new barleys tolerant of abiotic and biotic stresses is an essential part of the continued improvement of the crop. The domestication of barley, as in many crops, resulted in a marked truncation of the genetical variation present in wild populations. This process is significant to agronomists and scientists because a lack of allelic variation will prevent the development of adapted cultivars and hinder the investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying performance. Wild barley would be a useful source of new genetic variation for abiotic stress tolerance if surveys identify appropriate genetic variation and the development of marker-assisted selection allows efficient manipulation in cultivar development. There are many wild barley collections from all areas of its natural distribution, but the largest are derived from the Mediterranean region. The results of a range of assays designed to explore abiotic stress tolerance in barley are reported in this paper. The assays included; sodium chloride uptake in wild barley and a mapping population, effects for delta 13C and plant dry weight in wheat aneuploids, effects of photoperiod and vernalization in wild barley, and measurements of root length in wild barley given drought and nitrogen starvation treatments in hydroponic culture. There are examples of the use of wild barley in breeding programmes, for example, as a source of new disease resistance genes, but the further exploration of the differences between wild barley and cultivars is hampered by the lack of good genetic maps. In parallel to the need for genetic studies there is also a need for the development of good physiological models of crop responses to the environment. Given these tools, wild barley offers the prospect of a 'goldmine' of untapped genetic reserves
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 66 ] abiotic stress alleles allelic variation aneuploid assay barley breeding carbon collection crop improvement culture delta disease disease resistance disease resistance gene domestication drought dry matter dry weight environment gene genetic improvement genetic map genetic markers genetic mechanism genetic variation germplasm hordeum spontaneum hordeum vulgare improvement its literature map mapping marker assisted selection measurement mechanism mediterranean region model nitrogen nutrient deficiencies performance photoperiod plant genetic resources population resistance resistance gene responses review root root length selection sodium sodium chloride stable isotopes stress stress tolerance surveys tolerance tool vernalization water stress weight wild wild barley wild relatives

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