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GrainGenes Reference Report: JCS-39-321

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Reference	JCS-39-321
Title	The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat gluten
Journal	Journal of Cereal Science
Year	2004
Volume	39
Pages	321-339
Author	D'Ovidio R Masci S
Abstract	Summary: Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) are polymeric protein components of wheat endosperm and like all seed storage proteins, are digested to provide nutrients for the embryo during seed germination and seedling growth. Due to their structural characteristics, they exhibit features important for the technological properties of wheat flour. Their ability to form inter-molecular disulphide bonds with each other and/or with high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), is important for the formation of the glutenin polymers, which are among the biggest macromolecules present in nature, and determine the processing properties of wheat dough. Explanation of the structural basis for these correlations continues to intrigue researchers and, while earlier emphasis had been on HMW-GS, considerable attention is now being focused on the LMW-GS. LMW-GS are a highly polymorphic protein complex, including proteins with gliadin-type sequences. Difficulty in separating single components, arising from the complexity of the group, has limited the characterisation of the individual proteins and the establishment of clear-cut relationships with quality parameters. Here we review results concerning different aspects of LMW-GS, including their structural characteristics, genetic control, and relationships with quality parameters. In addition, we emphasise the distinction between the components with sequences unique to the LMW-GS fraction and those behaving like glutenin subunits (incorporated into polymers), but with sequences corresponding to gliadins
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 53 ] breadmaking quality complexes control dough dough properties durum wheat embryo endosperm establishment features flour food fraction germination gliadin gliadin gene family gluten gluten polymer glutenin glutenin polymers growth high molecular weight glutenin subunits high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits hmw-gs hmwgs low molecular weight glutenin subunits low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits macromolecules nucleotide sequence nutrient nutrients parameters polymer property protein protein complex protein complexes protein disulfide-isomerase quality review seed seedling seedling growth sequence storage storage protein subunit turgidum ssp dicoccoides unique wheat endosperm wheat flour wheat gluten wheat quality

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