Query (optional)   in Class  All Allele Author Colleague Collection Assembly Gene Gene Class Gene Product Germplasm Image Journal Keyword Library Locus Map Map Data Marker Pathology Polymorphism Probe Protein QTL Rearrangement Reference Sequence Species Trait Trait Study Two Point Data  

---

GrainGenes Reference Report: JCS-36-327

[Submit comment/correction]

Reference	JCS-36-327
Title	Endosperm texture in wheat
Journal	Journal of Cereal Science
Year	2002
Volume	36
Pages	327-337
Author	Turnbull KM Rahman S
Abstract	One of the fundamental means of classifying wheat is through its endosperm texture. It impacts significantly on the milling process affecting among other things flour particle size and milling yield. Hardness in wheat is largely controlled by genetic factors but it can be affected by the environment and factors such as moisture, lipid, and pentosan content. The principal genetic locus controlling endosperm texture in wheat, Ha, is located on the chromosome 5D. At this locus several genes, notably the puroindolines, have been identified. Puroindolines are the major components of the 15 kDa protein band associated with starch granules that is more abundant in soft wheats than in hard. Recently the puroindolines have been shown to enhance grain hardness in rice. In this review we discuss the structure of hard and soft wheat endosperm with particular emphasis on when differences in endosperm texture can be detected in the developing seed. The role of the environment and other factors that may affect the endosperm texture is also examined together with the role of the puroindoline genes at theHa locus. Finally, we compare endosperm hardness in wheat and in barley.
External Databases	https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.2002.0468
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 26 ] barley biochemical basis breadmaking quality characterization system chromosome endosperm environment food gene grain hardness ha locus kernel hardness locus polar lipids protein puroindoline puroindoline-b red winter wheats rice seed sequence analysis soft wheat starch starch granules texture yield

GrainGenes is a product of the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture.