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GrainGenes Reference Report: GCE-48-609

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Reference	GCE-48-609
Title	Variation of morphological and agronomical traits, and protein composition in durum wheat germplasm from eastern Europe
Journal	Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
Year	2001
Volume	48
Pages	609-620
Author	Pecetti L Doust MA Calcagno L Raciti CN Boggini G
Abstract	Summary: Broadening the genetic base upon which the breeding of durum wheat relies is a growing concern in Italy. Exotic materials can represent valuable sources of adaptive features and they have been repeatedly exploited in the past for direct utilisation and/or introgression by crossing into existing germplasm. An increase of the available genetic variation for the breeding also appears envisageable in terms of end-product quality. This study assessed the variation in germplasm from eastern Europe countries, which could represent novel gene sources for durum wheat improvement in Italy, and verified the presence of variants of potential interest for agronomical and quality characteristics to be possibly exploited for breeding. Fifty-nine landraces from the former USSR and 91 from Bulgaria were grown in Sicily and evaluated for agronomical traits, spike morphological characteristics (possibly bearing some taxonomic relevance), and protein composition at three loci encoding for glutenin subunits responsible of flour quality features. The results suggested a similar overall diversity in the two groups considering either the variance of the agronomical characters, or the diversity index (H') across morphological traits, or the frequency distribution of electrophoretic patterns of glutenin subunits encoded at three loci. Genotypes of potential usefulness as donors of positive agronomical or quality attributes were found in both germplasm groups, although the agronomical characteristics of the exotic genotypes rarely matched those required by the breeding in the target area. Conversely, the genetic variation found at the three loci involved in the composition of glutenin subunits appeared of greater relevance for the breeding in Italy
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 60 ] agronomical traits attributes breeding character composition crossing cultivars distribution diversity durum durum wheat eastern europe environments europe features flour flour quality frequency gene genetic genetic variation genotype germplasm gluten strength glutenin glutenin subunit groups improvement increase index introgression italy landrace loci mediterranean region molecular-weight subunits morphological traits northern syria pattern performance protein protein composition quality quality characteristics sicily source spike spike morphology subunit target trait triticum turgidum convar.durum variance variant variation wheat wheat germplasm wheat improvement world collection yield stability

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