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GrainGenes Reference Report: CRS-42-608

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Reference	CRS-42-608
Title	Genetic diversity in wild and weedy Aegilops, Amblyopyrum, and Secale species - A preliminary survey
Journal	Crop Science
Year	2002
Volume	42
Pages	608-614
Author	Hegde SG Valkoun J Waines JG
Abstract	Summary: The wild and weedy relatives of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L., are suggested as potential sources of useful alleles for bread wheat improvement. For example, the genus Aegilops L. has contributed two of the three bread wheat genomes. In this study we measured the nature and extent of allozyme variation for 10 isozymes in three diploid and eight polyploid Aegilops, one Amblyopyrum (Jaub. & Spach), and one feral Secale L. species collected from 15 populations in their centers of origin in Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, and California. The predominantly autogamous Aegilops species were, to a large extent, homozygous and homogeneous. The presence of heterozygous genotypes in Aegilops tauschii Coss. (H0 = 0.0033 +/- 0.01) and Ae. crassa Boiss (H0 = 0.0048 +/- 0.08) indicated the possibility of limited facultative outcrossing in these Aegilops species. The obligate out-crossers, Amblyopyrum muticum (Boiss.) Eig (H(e) = 0.09 +/- 0.16) and Secale cereale L. (H(e) = 0.09 - 0.13), showed less than expected genetic variation. The extent and nature of genetic variation were identical between the introduced Californian Ae. cylindrica Host and that which occurs in the Fertile Crescent (H(e) = 0.00); however, in Ae. triuncialis L., the introduced Californian population had a higher genetic diversity estimate (H(e) = 0.06 +/- 0.12) than the population from the Fertile Crescent (H(e) = 0.00), The average genetic distance between the polyploid Aegilops species was greater (D = 0.64 +/- 0.28) than that observed between the diploid Aegilops species (D = 0.18 +/- 0.10), or between the diploid Aegilops and weedy S. cereale (D = 0.52 +/- 0.06). We discuss the implication of these findings for germplasm collection and wheat breeding
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 50 ] aegilops aegilops tauschii allele allozyme allozyme variation bread bread wheat breeding california californium centers of origin collection coss crop diploid distance diversity fertile fertile crescent genetic distance genetic diversity genetic variation genome genotype genus genus aegilops germplasm germplasm collection homozygous host improvement isozyme lebanon origin outcrossing polyploid population relatives secale secale cereale source syria tauschii triticum triticum aestivum turkey wheat wheat breeding wheat improvement wild

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