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GrainGenes Reference Report: CRS-41-1006

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Reference	CRS-41-1006
Title	Influence of vernalization and photoperiod responses on cold hardiness in winter cereals
Journal	Crop Science
Year	2001
Volume	41
Pages	1006-1011
Author	Mahfoozi S Limin AE Fowler DB
Abstract	Summary: An understanding of the genetic regulation of low-temperature (LT) tolerance is a prerequisite for the development of cold tolerant cultivars for high stress regions. Vernalization requirement in winter habit cereals and photoperiod responsiveness in spring habit cereals has been shown to influence expression of the LT tolerance genes. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of photoperiod response on expression of LT tolerance genes in vernalization requiring winter habit cultivars Norstar and Warrior wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) and Kold barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). These cultivars were subjected to 8-h-short day (SD) and 20-h-long day (LD) photoperiods at cold acclimating temperature (4 degrees C) over a period of 0 to 98 d. Final leaf number (FLN) was determined at intervals throughout the acclimation period to measure vernalization status. Photoperiod sensitivity did not affect vernalization as both SD and LD plants reached vernalization saturation at the same time. However, a significant increase in leaf number and delayed double ridge formation between 49 and 98 d under 4 degrees C SD non-inductive flowering condition relative to the LD treatments indicated that SD delayed phenological development. Low-temperature tolerance gene expression as measured by LT50 was influenced before the signal for floral transition as indicated by FLN measurements. Photoperiodic response of SD sensitive winter barley and wheat cultivars was reflected in the level of expression of LT tolerance beginning in the early stages of vernalization and plant development. Subsequent LT acclimation continued for a longer time and to colder temperatures under SD compared to LD. These results support the hypothesis that vernalization and photoperiod responses regulate the expression of LT tolerance genes through their influence on the rate of plant development
External Databases	http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/41/4/1006
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 29 ] acclimation barley cold cold-hardiness crop cultivar flowering gene gene expression genetic regulation growth habit hardiness hordeum hordeum vulgare hypothesis low temperature low temperature tolerance measurement model phenological development photoperiod photoperiod response photoperiod sensitivity plant development primordia regulation rye sensitivity

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