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GrainGenes Reference Report: TPJ-31-713

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Reference	TPJ-31-713
Title	GLK gene pairs regulate chloroplast development in diverse plant species
Journal	Plant Journal
Year	2002
Volume	31
Pages	713-727
Author	Fitter DW Martin DJ Copley MJ Scotland RW Langdale JA
Abstract	Summary: Chloroplast biogenesis is a complex process that requires close co-ordination between two genomes. Many of the proteins that accumulate in the chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome, and the developmental transition from proplastid to chloroplast is regulated by nuclear genes. Here we show that a pair of Golden 2-like (GLK) genes regulates chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. The GLK proteins are members of the GARP superfamily of transcription factors, and phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the maize, rice and Arabidopsis GLK gene pairs comprise a distinct group within the GARP superfamily. Further phylogenetic analysis suggests that the gene pairs arose through separate duplication events in the monocot and dicot lineages. As in rice, AtGLK1 and AtGLK2 are expressed in partially overlapping domains in photosynthetic tissue. Insertion mutants demonstrate that this expression pattern reflects a degree of functional redundancy as single mutants display normal phenotypes in most photosynthetic tissues. However, double mutants are pale green in all photosynthetic tissues and chloroplasts exhibit a reduction in granal thylakoids. Products of several genes involved in light harvesting also accumulate at reduced levels in double mutant chloroplasts. GLK genes therefore regulate chloroplast development in diverse plant species
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 35 ] amino acid sequence arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana biogenesis chloroplast chloroplast development chloroplast dna co-ordination complexes dicot duplication expression pattern gene gene pairs insertion light maize member nuclear gene nuclear genes nucleotide sequence oryza sativa pattern photosynthesis phylogenetic analysis plant development plant species products reduction rice superfamily thylakoids tissue transcription zea mays

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