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GrainGenes Reference Report: PPS-129-169

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Reference	PPS-129-169
Title	A plant gene up-regulated at rust infection sites
Journal	Plant Physiology
Year	2002
Volume	129
Pages	169-180
Author	Ayliffe MA [ Show all 7 ]
Abstract	Summary: Expression of the fis1 gene from flax (Linum usitatissimum) is induced by a compatible rust (Melampsora lini) infection. Infection of transgenic plants containing a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene under the control of the fis1 promoter showed that induction is highly localized to those leaf mesophyll cells within and immediately surrounding rust infection sites. The level of induction reflects the extent of fungal growth. In a strong resistance reaction, such as the hypersensitive fleck mediated by the L6 resistance gene, there is very little fungal growth and a microscopic level of GUS expression. Partially resistant flax leaves show levels of GUS expression that were intermediate to the level observed in the fully susceptible infection. Sequence and deletion analysis using both transient Agrobacterium tumefaciens expression and stable transformation assays have shown that the rust-inducible fis1 promoter is contained within a 580-bp fragment. Homologs of fis1 were identified in expressed sequence tag databases of a range of plant species including dicots, monocots, and a gymnosperm. Homologous genes isolated from maize (Zea mays; mis1), barley (Hordeum vulgare; bis1), wheat (Triticum aestivum; wis1), and Arabidopsis encode proteins that are highly similar (76%-82%) to the FIS1 protein. The Arabidopsis homologue has been reported to encode a 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase that is involved in the catabolism of proline to glutamate. RNA-blot analysis showed that mis1 in maize and the bis1 homolog in barley are both up-regulated by a compatible infection with the corresponding species-specific rust. The rust-induced genes homologous to fis1 are present in many plants. The promoters of these genes have potential roles for the engineering of synthetic rust resistance genes by targeting transgene expression to the sites of rust infection
External Databases	Pubmed: 12011348
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 62 ] agrobacteria agrobacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens arabidopsis arabidopsis thaliana assay barley beta glucuronidase beta-glucuronidase catabolism cell dehydrogenase deletion deletion analysis disruption expressed sequence tag expressed sequence tag database flax flax rust fungal fungal growth fungus gene glutamate growth gus gus expression homolog homologous genes hordeum induction infection intermediate library maize mays melampsora lini mesophyll mesophyll cells monocot pathogenicity proline promoter reporter reporter gene resistance resistant roles rust rust resistance rust resistance gene sequence stable transformation targeting transformation transgene transgene expression transgenic transient triticum virulence zea

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