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GrainGenes Reference Report: PPS-121-665

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Reference	PPS-121-665
Title	Snow-mold-induced apoplastic proteins in winter rye leaves lack antifreeze activity
Journal	Plant Physiology
Year	1999
Volume	121
Pages	665-673
Author	Hiilovaara-Teijo M Hannukkala A Griffith M Yu XM Pihakaski-Maunsbach K
Abstract	Summary: During cold acclimation, winter rye (Secale cereale L.) plants secrete antifreeze proteins that are similar to pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. In this experiment, the secretion of PR proteins was induced at warm temperatures by infection with pink snow mold (Microdochium nivale), a pathogen of overwintering cereals. A comparison of cold-induced and pathogen-induced proteins showed that PR proteins accumulated in the leaf apoplast to a greater level in response to cold. The PR proteins induced by cold and by snow mold were similar when separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and examined by immunoblotting. Both groups of PR proteins contained glucanase-like, chitinase-like, and thaumatin-like proteins, and both groups exhibited similar levels of glucanase and chitinase activities. However, only the PR proteins induced by cold exhibited antifreeze activity. Our findings suggest that the cold-induced PR proteins may be isoforms that function as antifreeze proteins to modify the growth of ice during freezing while also providing resistance to the growth of low-temperature pathogens in advance of infection. Both functions of the cold-induced PR proteins may improve the survival of overwintering cereals
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 24 ] acclimation acclimatization cell wall cell wall components chitinase cold acclimation electrophoresis experimental infections growth immunochemistry infection isoenzyme isomers monographella nivalis pathogenesis related proteins plant composition plant proteins resistance rye secale cereale secretion survival temperature winter

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