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GrainGenes Reference Report: PMB-53-701

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Reference	PMB-53-701
Title	Rapid induction of a protein disulfide isomerase and defense-related genes in wheat in response to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola
Journal	Plant Molecular Biology
Year	2003
Volume	53
Pages	701-714
Author	Ray S Anderson JM Urmeev FI Goodwin SB
Abstract	Summary: Mycosphaerella graminicola, incitant of septoria tritici blotch, is a widespread and significant pathogen of wheat that is not closely related to other fungi being developed as genetic models for host-pathogen interactions. Several resistance genes in wheat have been identified, yet the molecular mechanisms of resistance are unknown. To identify host genes involved in the resistance response, expression profiles of the wheat line Tadinia (containing the Stb4 gene for resistance) and the susceptible line Yecora Rojo, non-inoculated or inoculated with M. graminicola, were compared by differential-display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR). Among the differentially expressed genes was a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is well known as a molecular chaperone and component of signal-transduction pathways in animal systems but had not been implicated previously in plant defense response. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and northern analysis revealed that PDI was induced within 3 h of inoculation with highest induction in the pathogen-treated resistant lines. These responses of PDI were similar to the early and strong resistance-related responses displayed by the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5. In contrast, a wheat lipoxygenase was down-regulated in the resistant lines at time points corresponding with peak induction of the PR genes. Thus, part of the resistance mechanism may involve repression of a gene that could otherwise aid fungal growth. Wheat responds much more rapidly than believed previously to signals produced by M. graminicola. These early responses begin prior to penetration of the host and appear to determine the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 61 ] blotch chain chain-reaction chaperone contrast defense defense mechanisms defense response defense-related genes differential display differentially expressed genes disease resistance disulfide expressed genes fungal diseases of plants fungi gene gene expression gene induction growth host host-pathogen interaction host-pathogen interactions identify induction inoculation isomerases leaf blotch messenger rna molecular mechanism molecular mechanisms molecular-mechanisms mycosphaerella mycosphaerella graminicola nucleotide sequence pathogen pathogenesis related proteins pcr penetration plant defense plant pathogenic fungi polymerase protein protein disulfide isomerase rapid induction real-time repression resistance resistance mechanism resistant responses reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction septoria tritici septoria tritici blotch signal signal-transduction pathway signal-transduction pathways structural genes susceptible tritici triticum aestivum

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