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GrainGenes Reference Report: PLC-64-159

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Reference	PLC-64-159
Title	Genetic enrichment of cereal crops via alien gene transfer: new challenges
Journal	Plant Cell
Year	2000
Volume	64
Pages	159-183
Author	Repellin A Baga M Jauhar PP Chibbar RN
Abstract	Summary: Genetic improvement of crops has traditionally been achieved through sexual hybridization between related species, which has resulted in numerous cultivars with high yields and superior agronomic performance. Conventional plant breeding, sometimes combined with classical cytogenetic techniques, continues to be the main method of cereal crop improvement. More recently, through the introduction of new tools of biotechnology, crossing barriers have been overcome, and genes from unrelated sources have become available to be introduced asexually into plants. Cereal crops were initially difficult to genetically engineer, mainly due to their recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration and their resistance to Agrobacterium infection. Systematic screening of cultivars and explant tissues for regeneration potential, development of various DNA delivery methods and optimization of gene expression cassettes have produced transformation protocols for the major cereals, although some elite cultivars still remain recalcitrant to transformation. Most of the transgenic cereals developed for commercial purpose exhibit herbicide and/or insect resistance; traits that are often controlled by a single gene. In recent years, more complex traits, such as dough functionality in wheat and nutritional quality of rice have been improved by the use of biotechnology. The current challenges for genetic engineering of plants will be to understand and control factors causing transgene silencing, instability and rearrangement, which are often seen in transgenic plants and highly undesirable in lines to be used for crop development. Further improvement of current cereal cultivars is expected to benefit greatly from information emerging from the areas of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 71 ] agrobacteria agrobacterium agrobacterium infection agronomic performance alien gene transfer avena sativa biotechnology breeding cereal crops challenge complexes crop crop development crop improvement crossing cultivar delivery dna dna delivery dough elite cultivars enrichment functionality gene gene expression gene transfer genetic engineering genetic improvement genetic transformation genomics herbicide hordeum vulgare hybridization improvement in vitro in vitro regeneration infection insect insect resistance instability literature reviews method nutritional quality optimization pennisetum glaucum performance plant breeding proteomics protocol quality regeneration resistance rice screening sorghum bicolor source tissue tool trait transfer transformation transgene transgene silencing transgenic transgenic cereals transgenic plant triticum aestivum vitro yield yields zea mays

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